Download PDF
Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 2010; 04(02): 99-103
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1618706
Zur Diskussion
Schattauer GmbH

Normal, gesund oder optimiert? - das Rucksackmodell für die Kontrolle des Körpergewichts

Das Gewicht und die Last unseres Körpers
Otfried Mayer-Popken Dr. rer. nat.
1   bis März 2009 tätig am Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
22 December 2017 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Bei der natürlichen Fortbewegung des Menschen (Gehen, Laufen, Springen) muss das Körpergewicht aus Gründen der Energieeffizienz an die lokomotorische Belastung angepasst werden. Die Muskelmasse wird generell minimiert und nur bei Bedarf aufgebaut. Die Fettmasse wird dagegen generell maximiert und nur bei ausreichender lokomotorischer Belastung nach Bedarf abgebaut bzw. begrenzt. Aufbau und Begrenzung der Fettmasse werden deshalb von unterschiedlichen Regelkreisen gesteuert.

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Abè D, Muraki S, Yasukouchi A. Ergonomic effects of load carriage on energy cost of gradient walking. Applied Ergonomics 2008; 09: 144-149.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Abel ED, Litwin SE, Sweeney G. Cardiac remodeling in obesity. Review obesity paradoxon. Physiological Reviews 2008; 88: 389-419.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bastien GJ, Willems PA, Schepens B, Heglund NC. Effect of load and speed on the energetic cost of human walking. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2005; 94: 76-83.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Berkowitz RI, Stallings VA, Maislin G, Stunkard AJ. Growth of children at high risk of obesity during the first 6 y of life: Implications for prevention. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005; 81: 140-146.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Boer MD, Seynnes OR, Di Prampero PE. et al. Effect of 5 weeks horizontal bed rest on human muscle thickness and architecture of weight bearing and non-weight bearing muscles. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2008; 104: 401-407.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Despres JP. et al. Overfeeding in identical twins: 5-year post overfeeding results. Metabolism 1996; 45: 1042-1050.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Christie CJ, Scott PA. Metabolic responses of South African soldiers during simulated marching with 16 combinations of speed and backpack load. Military medicine 2005; 170: 619-622.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Cota D, Proulx K, Seeley RJ. The role of CNS fuel sensing in energy and glucose regulation. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 2158-2168.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Curioni CC, Lourenco PM. Long-term weight loss after diet and exercise: A systematic review. International Journal of Obesity 2005; 29: 1168-1174.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Deforche B, Bourdeaudhuij I, Tanghe A. et al. Role of physical activity and eating behaviour in weight control after treatment in severely obese children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica 2005; 94: 464-470.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK. et al. The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study. BMC Pediatrics 2003; 03: 3.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Fleck SJ. Body composition of elite American athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1983; 11: 398-403.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Gordon KE, Ferris DP, Kuo AD. Metabolic and mechanical energy costs of reducing vertical center of mass movement during gait. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009; 90: 136-144.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Nelson MC, Popkin BM. Five-year obesity incidence in the transition period between adolescence and adulthood: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 80: 569-575.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Gronniger JT. A semiparametric analysis of the relationship of body mass index to mortality. American Journal of Public Health 2006; 96: 173-178.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Hochberg Z. Evo-Devo of Child Growth II: Human Life History and Transition between its Phases. European Journal of Endocrinology 2009; 160: 135-141.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Kalantar-Zadeh K, Horwich TB, Oreopoulos A. et al. Risk factor paradox in wasting diseases. Obesity paradoxon. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2007; 10: 433-442.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Lally P, Chipperfield A, Wardle J. Healthy habits: efficacy of simple advice on weight control based on a habit-formation model. International Journal of Obesity 2008; 32: 700-707.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Macias AE. Experimental demonstration of human weight homeostasis: Implications for understanding obesity. British Journal of Nutrition 2007; 91: 479-484.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 McNeal JR, Poole RC, Sands WA. Body composition trends in women collegiate track-and-field athletes across two consecutive competitive seasons. Journal of strength and conditioning Research 1999; 13: 214-218.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Magarey AM, Daniels LA, Boulton TJ, Cockington RA. Does fat intake predict adiposity in healthy children and adolescents aged 2-15y? A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001; 55: 471-481.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Mamun AA, Lawlor DA, O’Callaghan MJ. et al. Family and early life factors associated with changes in overweight status between ages 5 and 14 years: findings from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes. International Journal of Obesity 2005; 29: 475-482.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Mayer-Popken O. Adipositas. Zustand oder Erkrankung. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 2008; 156 (Suppl. 01) 168.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Mayer-Popken O. Adipositas. Eine ereignisbasierte Erkrankung. AdipositasSpektrum 2008; 04: 31.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Menschik D, Ahmed S, Alexander MH, Blum RW. Adolescent physical activities as predictors of young adult weight. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2008; 162: 29-33.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Moore LL, Gao D, Bradlee ML. et al. Does early physical activity predict body fat change throughout childhood?. Preventive Medicine 2003; 37: 10-17.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Pasquet P, Apfelbaum M. Recovery of initial body weight and composition after long-term massive overfeeding in men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1994; 60: 861-863.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Pavy-Le Traon A, Heer M, Narici M. et al. From space to earth: Advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006). European Journal of Applied Physiology 2007; 101: 143-194.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Peters A, Pellerin L, Dallmann MF. et al. Causes of obesity: Looking beyond the hypothalamus. Progress in Neurobiology 2007; 81: 61-88.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Peters A, Schweiger U, Pellerin L. et al. The selfish brain: Competition for energy resources. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2004; 28: 143-180.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Reuser M, Bonneux L, Willekens F. The burden of mortality of obesity at middle and old age is small. A life table analysis of the US Health and Retirement Survey. European Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 23: 601-607.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Schmitt H, Friebe C, Schneider S, Sabo D. Bone mineral density and degenerative changes of the lumbar spine in former elite athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2005; 26: 457-463.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Scott PA, Christie CJ. “Optimal” speed-load combinations for military manoeuvres. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2004; 33: 63-68.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz RI, Schoeller D. et al. Predictors of body size in the first 2y of life: A high-risk study of human obesity. International Journal of Obesity 2004; 28: 503-513.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz RI, Stallings VA, Cater JR. Weights of parents and infants: Is there a relationship?. International Journal of Obesity 1999; 23: 159-162.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Summerbell CD, Ashton V, Campbell KJ. et al. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003 03. Art. No.: CD001872.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Summerbell CD, Waters E, Edmunds LD. et al. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005 03. Art. No.: CD001871.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Tennefors C, Coward WA, Hernell O. et al. Total energy expenditure and physical activity level in healthy young Swedish children 9 or 14 months of age. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003; 57: 647-653.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Whitacker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS. et al. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine 1997; 337: 869-873.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar