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Nervenheilkunde 2011; 30(07): 509-516
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628388
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Schattauer GmbH

Heuristische Typologien von Alkoholabhängigen

Persönlichkeitsbezogene KlassifikationenHeuristic typologies of alcoholicsPersonality related classifications
K. Bühler
1   Institut für Psychotherapie und Medizinische Psychologie, Universität Würzburg
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Publication History

Eingegangen am: 17 May 2010

angenommen am: 28 September 2010

Publication Date:
23 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Trotz der Bedeutung biografischer Faktoren für die Alkoholabhängigkeit und Behandlung von Alkoholabhängigen haben wenige Studien biografische Daten von Alkoholabhängigen untersucht. Deshalb wurden in unserer Studie biografische Variablen zusätzlich zu Persönlichkeitsvariablen berücksichtigt. Die Personen wurden clusteranalysiert. Eine 5-Clusterlösung ergab eine gut interpretierbare Klassifikation. Das hinsichtlich des Schweregrades der Störung am wenigsten gestörte Cluster 2 (normovalenter Typ) wurde gefolgt von Cluster 4 (zielgerichtet neurotischer Typ), Cluster 1 (sozionoxischer Typ), Cluster 5 (desorganisiert neurotischer Typ) und Cluster 3 (neurosozionoxischer Typ). Der normovalente Typ ist der signifikant älteste und der neurosozionoxische Typ der signifikant jüngste Typ. Frauen überwiegen in den Typen mit der stärksten Beeinträchtigung, das heißt, im Cluster 3 und 5. Patienten des Clusters 2 entstammen signifikant seltener, Patienten des Clusters 3 hingegen signifikant häufiger unvollständigen Familien. Patienten des Clusters 2 wuchsen signifikant häufiger bei ihren Eltern auf, Patienten des Clusters 3 und 5 hingegen signifikant weniger. Patienten des Clusters 2 und 4 lebten signifikant häufiger in Partnerschaften als die restlichen Cluster. Den entdeckten Typen von Alkoholabhängigen kommt nicht nur eine deskriptive Bedeutung zu, sondern in Anbetracht des unterschiedlichen Schweregrades der Störung auch eine differenzialtherapeutische. Daher wird entsprechend des Schweregrades der Störung eine Differenzialtherapie vorgeschlagen.

Summary

In spite of the impact of biographical factors on alcoholism and on the therapy of alcoholics there are few studies which investigate statistically biographical data of alcoholics. This is the reason why biographical variables in addition to personality variables are taken into consideration in our investigation. The 5-clustersolution was accepted, which yields a well-interpretable classification. The least impaired cluster is cluster 2 (named: normovalent cluster) followed by cluster 4 (aim-related neurotic cluster), cluster 1 (socionoxic cluster), cluster 5 (desorganised-neurotic cluster), and cluster 3 (neurosocionoxic cluster). Cluster 2 is significantly the oldest cluster and cluster 3 the youngest cluster. Female subjects prevail significantly in clusters with higher severity of impairment, i. e. in cluster 3 and 5. Subjects of cluster 2 originate significantly less often from broken homes, whereas subjects of cluster 3 originate significantly more often from broken homes. Subjects of cluster 2 were significantly more often brought up by their parents, whereas subjects of cluster 3 and 5 were significantly less often brought up by their parents. Subjects of cluster 2 and 4 significantly less often spent their life as singles than the rest of the clusters, cluster 1, 3, and 5. The questionnaire is also suitable for the selection of alcoholics and for allocation to appropriate therapy settings. Thus, the reported clusters of alcoholics have not only a descriptive or classificatory importance but also, considering the severity of impairment attributed to the clusters, an impact on differential therapy with regard to the severity of impairment. A differential therapy of alcoholics according to the severity of impairment and therefore to the clusters is suggested.

Schlüsselwörter

Alkoholismus - Clusteranalyse - Typologie - Persönlichkeit - Biografie

Keywords

Alcoholism - cluster analysis - typology - personality - biography
 

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