J Knee Surg 2021; 34(01): 039-046
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721669
Special Focus Section

Return-to-Sport Review for Current Cartilage Treatments

Nathan W. Skelley
1   Sanford Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Dakota Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
,
Chad Kurtenbach
1   Sanford Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Dakota Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
,
Kristofer Kimber
1   Sanford Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Dakota Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
,
Bruce Piatt
1   Sanford Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Dakota Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
,
Benjamin Noonan
1   Sanford Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Dakota Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
› Institutsangaben
Funding None.

Abstract

The return to play outcome is an important measure for orthopaedic sports medicine treatments. This variable is especially important when discussing cartilage treatments because there are many different cartilage options available to athletes with articular injuries and this population is particularly interested in the ability to return to activities. Although many outcome variables are considered in any surgical procedure, the return-to-sport variable is focused on an active population and can be tailored to that patient's sport-specific goals. In this article, we will review some of the most recent and up-to-date articles describing return-to-sport outcomes for various knee cartilage treatments. This article will focus on the most common current knee cartilage treatments including microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral autograft transplant, and osteochondral allograft transplantation.

Ethical Approval

This article is waived by our Institutional Review Board as no identifying patient information was used.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 05. Juni 2020

Angenommen: 12. November 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
03. Januar 2021

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 
  • References

  • 1 Hootman JM, Helmick CG. Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54 (01) 226-229
  • 2 Zaffagnini S, Vannini F, Di Martino A. et al; ESSKA U45 Committee. Low rate of return to pre-injury sport level in athletes after cartilage surgery: a 10-year follow-up study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27 (08) 2502-2510
  • 3 Krych AJ, Pareek A, King AH, Johnson NR, Stuart MJ, Williams III RJ. Return to sport after the surgical management of articular cartilage lesions in the knee: a meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25 (10) 3186-3196
  • 4 Mithoefer K, Hambly K, Della Villa S, Silvers H, Mandelbaum BR. Return to sports participation after articular cartilage repair in the knee: scientific evidence. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37 (Suppl. 01) 167S-176S
  • 5 Lam KC, Marshall AN, Snyder Valier AR. Patient-reported outcome measures in sports medicine: a concise resource for clinicians and researchers. J Athl Train 2020; 55 (04) 390-408
  • 6 Wagner III KJ, Sabatino MJ, Zynda AJ. et al. Activity measures in pediatric athletes: a comparison of the hospital for special surgery pediatric functional activity brief scale and Tegner activity level scale. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48 (04) 985-990
  • 7 King J, Roberts C, Hard S, Ardern CL. Want to improve return to sport outcomes following injury? Empower, engage, provide feedback and be transparent: 4 habits!. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53 (09) 526-527
  • 8 Balazs GC, Wang D, Burge AJ, Sinatro AL, Wong AC, Williams III RJ. Return to play among elite basketball players after osteochondral allograft transplantation of full-thickness cartilage lesions. Orthop J Sports Med 2018; 6 (07) 2325967118786941
  • 9 Lai CCH, Ardern CL, Feller JA, Webster KE. Eighty-three per cent of elite athletes return to preinjury sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review with meta-analysis of return to sport rates, graft rupture rates and performance outcomes. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52 (02) 128-138
  • 10 Jack II RA, Sochacki KR, Hirase T, Vickery JW, Harris JD. Performance and return to sport after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement in professional athletes differs between sports. Arthroscopy 2019; 35 (05) 1422-1428
  • 11 Steadman JR, Briggs KK, Rodrigo JJ, Kocher MS, Gill TJ, Rodkey WG. Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: average 11-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 2003; 19 (05) 477-484
  • 12 Steadman JR, Rodkey WG, Rodrigo JJ. Microfracture: surgical technique and rehabilitation to treat chondral defects. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001; (391, Suppl): S362-S369
  • 13 Krych AJ, Harnly HW, Rodeo SA, Williams III RJ. Activity levels are higher after osteochondral autograft transfer mosaicplasty than after microfracture for articular cartilage defects of the knee: a retrospective comparative study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012; 94 (11) 971-978
  • 14 Mithoefer K, Gill TJ, Cole BJ, Williams RJ, Mandelbaum BR. Clinical outcome and return to competition after microfracture in the athlete's knee: an evidence-based systematic review. Cartilage 2010; 1 (02) 113-120
  • 15 Harris JD, Walton DM, Erickson BJ. et al. Return to sport and performance after microfracture in the knees of national basketball association players. Orthop J Sports Med 2013; 1 (06) 2325967113512759
  • 16 Miller DJ, Smith MV, Matava MJ, Wright RW, Brophy RH. Microfracture and osteochondral autograft transplantation are cost-effective treatments for articular cartilage lesions of the distal femur. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43 (09) 2175-2181
  • 17 Campbell AB, Pineda M, Harris JD, Flanigan DC. Return to sport after articular cartilage repair in athletes' knees: a systematic review. Arthroscopy 2016; 32 (04) 651-68.e1
  • 18 Albright JC, Daoud AK. Microfracture and microfracture plus. Clin Sports Med 2017; 36 (03) 501-507
  • 19 Boffa A, Previtali D, Altamura SA, Zaffagnini S, Candrian C, Filardo G. Platelet-rich plasma augmentation to microfracture provides a limited benefit for the treatment of cartilage lesions: a meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8 (04) 2325967120910504
  • 20 Sofu H, Kockara N, Oner A, Camurcu Y, Issın A, Sahin V. Results of hyaluronic acid-based cell-free scaffold application in combination with microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the knee: 2-year comparative study. Arthroscopy 2017; 33 (01) 209-216
  • 21 Minas T, Gomoll AH, Rosenberger R, Royce RO, Bryant T. Increased failure rate of autologous chondrocyte implantation after previous treatment with marrow stimulation techniques. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37 (05) 902-908
  • 22 Zaslav K, Cole B, Brewster R. et al; STAR Study Principal Investigators. A prospective study of autologous chondrocyte implantation in patients with failed prior treatment for articular cartilage defect of the knee: results of the Study of the Treatment of Articular Repair (STAR) clinical trial. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37 (01) 42-55
  • 23 Kreuz PC, Steinwachs M, Erggelet C. et al. Classification of graft hypertrophy after autologous chondrocyte implantation of full-thickness chondral defects in the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15 (12) 1339-1347
  • 24 McNickle AG, L'Heureux DR, Yanke AB, Cole BJ. Outcomes of autologous chondrocyte implantation in a diverse patient population. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37 (07) 1344-1350
  • 25 Samsudin EZ, Kamarul T. The comparison between the different generations of autologous chondrocyte implantation with other treatment modalities: a systematic review of clinical trials. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24 (12) 3912-3926
  • 26 Saris D, Price A, Widuchowski W. et al; SUMMIT study group. Matrix-applied characterized autologous cultured chondrocytes versus microfracture: two-year follow-up of a prospective randomized trial. Am J Sports Med 2014; 42 (06) 1384-1394
  • 27 Pestka JM, Bode G, Salzmann G, Südkamp NP, Niemeyer P. Clinical outcome of autologous chondrocyte implantation for failed microfracture treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee joint. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40 (02) 325-331
  • 28 Pestka JM, Feucht MJ, Porichis S, Bode G, Südkamp NP, Niemeyer P. Return to sports activity and work after autologous chondrocyte implantation of the knee: which factors influence outcomes?. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44 (02) 370-377
  • 29 Santos-Magalhaes AF, Hambly K. Measuring physical activity and sports participation after autologous cartilage implantation: a systematic review. J Sport Rehabil 2014; 23 (03) 171-181
  • 30 Gudas R, Kalesinskas RJ, Kimtys V. et al. A prospective randomized clinical study of mosaic osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the knee joint in young athletes. Arthroscopy 2005; 21 (09) 1066-1075
  • 31 Gudas R, Gudaite A, Pocius A. et al. Ten-year follow-up of a prospective, randomized clinical study of mosaic osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the knee joint of athletes. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40 (11) 2499-2508
  • 32 Crawford ZT, Schumaier AP, Glogovac G, Grawe BM. Return to sport and sports-specific outcomes after osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee: a systematic review of studies with at least 2 years' mean follow-up. Arthroscopy 2019; 35 (06) 1880-1889
  • 33 Grant JA. Outcomes associated with return to sports following osteochondral allograft transplant in the knee: a scoping review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2019; 12 (02) 181-189
  • 34 Hevesi M, Denbeigh JM, Paggi CA. et al. Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee: A viability and histologic analysis for optimizing graft viability and expanding existing standard processed graft resources using a living Donor Cartilage Program. Cartilage 2019; DOI: 10.1177/1947603519880330.
  • 35 Krych AJ, Robertson CM, Williams III RJ. Cartilage Study Group. Return to athletic activity after osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40 (05) 1053-1059
  • 36 Stannard JP, Cook JL. Prospective assessment of outcomes after primary unipolar, multisurface, and bipolar osteochondral allograft transplantations in the knee: a comparison of 2 preservation methods. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48 (06) 1356-1364
  • 37 Stoker AM, Stannard JP, Kuroki K, Bozynski CC, Pfeiffer FM, Cook JL. Validation of the Missouri osteochondral allograft preservation system for the maintenance of osteochondral allograft quality during prolonged storage. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46 (01) 58-65
  • 38 Donoso R, Figueroa D, Espinoza J, Yañez C, Saavedra J. Osteochondral autologous transplantation for treating patellar high-grade chondral defects: a systematic review. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7 (10) 2325967119876618
  • 39 Hinckel BB, Pratte EL, Baumann CA. et al. Patellofemoral Cartilage Restoration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes. Am J Sports Med. 2020; 48 (07) 1756-1772