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Z Gastroenterol 2002; 40(S2): 79-83
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35886
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© Karl Demeter Verlag im Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Das Kolonkarzinom - eine vermeidbare Erkrankung?

Strategien zur ChemopräventionT. Seufferlein, G. Adler
  • 1Abt. Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Ulm
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Publication History

Publication Date:
04 December 2002 (online)

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Folgende Abkürzungen werden im Text verwendet:

FAP: Familiäre adenomatöse Polyposis
IKK: IkB Kinase
MSI: Mikrosatelliteninstabilität
NSAR: Nicht steroidale Antirheumatika
PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

Ein entscheidender Durchbruch im Verständnis von Tumorerkrankungen gelang durch die Erkenntnis, dass sich die Entstehung von Tumoren in mehrere Entwicklungsphasen unterteilen lässt. Durch Akkumulation initialer, primärer und sekundärer Mutationen in Onkogenen oder Tumorsuppressorgenen kommt es in mehreren Schritten zur Entwicklung von Karzinomen. Ein Modell für das Kolonkarzinom, die Adenom-Karzinom-Sequenz, wurde von Vogelstein und Kinzler entwickelt, ähnliche Modelle gibt es mittlerweile z. B. auch für das Pankreaskarzinom. Im Falle des Kolonkarzinoms dauert der Prozess bis zur Entstehung eines Karzinoms in der Regel 5-10 Jahre. Damit gewinnen Früherkennungsmaßnahmen wie z. B. die Koloskopie überragende Bedeutung. Möglicherweise besteht aber auch eine Chance, durch ­andere präventive Maßnahmen das (Wieder-)Auftreten von Karzinomen/Polypen wirksam zu verhindern. In dieser Übersicht wollen wir den gegenwärtigen Stand der Prävention gastro­intestinaler Tumoren durch pharmakologische Maßnahmen, aber auch durch Veränderungen von Lebensstil und Ernährung darstellen.

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G. Adler

Abt. Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universitätsklinik

Robert-Koch-Straße 8

89081 Ulm

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