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Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2006; 41(11): 740-749
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-958847
Fachwissen: Topthema: Ultraschall in der Anästhesiologie

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Ultraschallverfahren in der Anästhesiologie - Gefäßpunktionen unter Sonographie

Ultrasound - guided vascular accessUlrich Schwemmer, Jörg Brederlau
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Publication History

Publication Date:
07 December 2006 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Ultraschallverfahren, und dabei insbesondere die 2D-Sonographie sind in der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin für die Punktion von Gefäßen von großem Nutzen. Die Punktion „unter Sicht” führt sowohl bei venösen als auch bei arteriellen Katheteranlagen zur Reduktion von Fehlpunktionen und Steigerung der Sicherheit für die Patienten. Für die Punktion der VJI ist der Vorteil durch mehrere Metaanalysen als evident bewiesen. Allerdings setzt die sichere und erfolgreiche Anwendung der Methode eine ausreichende Ausbildung der Anwender voraus.

Summary

In anaesthetic practise ultrasound can facilitate cannulation of veins and arteries not only in adults but also in children. It is the main advantage and safety feature of this technique, that the targeted vessels and the surrounding anatomical structures are visualized and that the needle is advanced under continuous observation. Moreover, its systematic use can reduce the rate of unsuccessful cannulation attempts, which can be caused by anatomical variations or thrombi, occluding the targeted vessel. Ultrasound guided vascular cannulation can decrease complication rates and might improve patients safety e.g. by avoiding puncture of the carotid artery. However, in order to pass on these potential benefits to the patient and justify the increased expenses related to the purchasing of preferably portable ultrasound systems, it is mandatory to offer an appropriate ultrasound training programs for physicians using this technique.

Schlüsselwörter:

Ultraschall - Gefäße - zentrale Vene - Arterie - Punktion

Keywords:

Ultrasound - vessels - central vein - artery - cannulation

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