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Planta Med 2015; 81(17): 1592-1596
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546267
Mini Reviews
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Gradient Elution in Countercurrent Chromatography

Gilda Guimarães Leitão
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
,
Fernanda das Neves Costa
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

received 03. Oktober 2014
revised 03. März 2015

accepted 03. Juni 2015

Publikationsdatum:
21. September 2015 (online)

    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Countercurrent chromatography is a form of liquid-liquid partition chromatography in which the stationary liquid phase is retained in the apparatus without the use of a solid support. Gradient elution in countercurrent chromatography can be used in many different ways, such as linear gradients, stepwise elution gradients, pH gradients, etc. The main goal of using the gradient approach is to shorten the duration of the separation and improve resolution, especially when the retention range of the sample to be purified is broadening and, thus, the compounds cannot be purified by only one solvent system. The principle is based on modifying the mobile phase to increase the elution strength with no or minimum changes in the stationary phase, which can be a difficult task since both phases are in intimate contact all the time. The most common ways to perform gradients in countercurrent chromatography are changing the mobileʼs phase polarity, flow rate, and pH, what is called linear or step gradient, flow rate gradient, pH gradient, respectively.

Key words

countercurrent chromatography gradient elution - linear gradient countercurrent chromatography - stepwise countercurrent chromatography - step gradient countercurrent chromatography - flow rate step gradient countercurrent chromatography - pH step gradient countercurrent chromatography
 

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