10 Praktische Handhabung von AIO-Mischungen

Schlüsselwörter

Infusionssysteme - Compounding - industrielle PE-Systeme - Stabilität - Qualitätssicherung

Key words

infusion systems - compounding - industrial parenteral nutrition systems - stability - quality assurance

Literatur

• 1 Schmutz C. Microbiological safety and stability of TPN mixtures. Geneva; XVIII ESPEN Congress on Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 1996
• 2 Didier M E, Fischer S, Maki D G. Total nutrient admixtures appear safer than lipid emulsion alone as regards microbial contamination: growth properties of microbial pathogens at room temperature.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998;  22 291-296
• 3 Durand-Zaleski I, Delaunay L, Langeron O, Belda E, Astier A, Brun-Buisson C. Infection risk and cost-effectiveness of commercial bags or glass bottles for total parenteral nutrition.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;  18 183-188
• 4 Flechsenhar K, Müller I, Zutt A. Handhabung eines parenteralen Ernährungsregimes.  Schwester Pfl. 1996;  6 555-557
• 5 Frei A, Dinkel R, Kemen M, Senkal M, Zumtobel V. A new model for economic studies of therapies exemplified by postoperative parenteral nutrition.  Zentralbl Chir. 1997;  122 358-365
• 6 Pichard C, Schwarz G, Frei A. et al . Economic investigation of the use of three-compartment total parenteral nutrition bag: prospective randomized unblinded controlled study.  Clin Nutr. 2000;  19 245-251
• 7 Schwarz G, Sierro C, Griffiths W. Convenience and Cost-efficiency by the Use of Multicompartment Bags for Total Parenteral Nutrition. Geneva; XVIII ESPEN Congress on Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 1996
• 8 von Eiff W. [Hospital management: quality and economy as management challenges for the physicians]. Article in German.  Zentralbl Chir. 1996;  121 817-827
• 9 Petros W P, Shank Jr W A. A standardized parenteral nutrition solution: prescribing, use, processing, and material cost implications.  Hosp Pharm. 1986;  21 648-646
• 10 Armstrong C W, Mayhall C G, Miller K B. et al . Prospective study of catheter replacement and other risk factors for infection of hyperalimentation catheters.  J Infect Dis. 1986;  154 808-816
• 11 Sitges-Serra A, Linares J, Perez J. A randomised trial on the effect of tubing changes on hub contamination and catheter sepsis during parenteral nutrition.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1985;  9 322-325
• 12 Snydman D R, Murray S A, Kornfeld S J, Majka J A, Ellis C A. Total parenteral nutrition-related infections. Prospective epidemiologic study using semiquantitative methods.  Am J Med. 1982;  73 695-699
• 13 No authors listed .Vorschriften geltender Arzneibücher: Europäisches Arzneibuch (Ph. Eur.), Arzneibuch der Vereinigten Staaten (USP), Britisches Arzneibuch (British Pharmacopeia). 2005
• 14 Delanghe M. Good manufacturing in All in One compounding.  Nutrition. 1989;  5 352-354
• 15 ASPEN Board of Directors . Safety practices for parenteral nutrition.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998;  22 49-66
• 16 Driscoll D F. Compounding TPN admixtures: then and now.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2003;  27 433-438
• 17 Hardy G, Ball P, McElroy B. Basic principles for compounding all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixtures.  Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1998;  1 291-296
• 18 Hartmann B, Berchtold W, Aeberhard P, Mühlebach S. Umfang, Rationalität und Qualität der parenteralen Ernährung.  Akt Ern Med. 1998;  23 43-49
• 19 Mühlebach S. Heimparenterale Ernährung: Internationale Entwicklungen und Langzeiterfahrungen aus der Schweiz.  Akt Ern Med. 2002;  27 425-430
• 20 Pichard C, Mühlebach S, Maisonneuve N, Sierro C. Prospective survey of parenteral nutrition in Switzerland: a three-year nation-wide survey.  Clin Nutr. 2001;  20 345-350
• 21 Steger P J, Mühlebach S F. In vitro oxidation of i. v. lipid emulsions in different all-in-one admixture bags assessed by an iodometric assay and gas-liquid chromatography.  Nutrition. 1997;  13 133-140
• 22 Dice J E, Burckart G J, Woo J T, Helms R A. Standardized versus pharmacist-monitored individualized parenteral nutrition in low-birth-weight infants.  Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981;  38 1487-1489
• 23 Allwood M C, Hardy G, Sizer T. Roles and functions of the pharmacist in the nutrition support team.  Nutrition. 1996;  12 63-64
• 24 ASPEN Board of Directors and The Clinical Guidelines Task Force . Standards for Nutrition Support Pharmacists.  Nutr Clin Pract. 1993;  8 124-127
• 25 Driscoll D F. Roles and functions of the hospital pharmacist on the nutrition support team.  Nutrition. 1996;  12 138-139
• 26 ASHP Board of Directors . ASHP Guidelines on quality assurance for pharmacy-prepared sterile products.  AJHP. 2000;  57 1150-1169
• 27 Driscoll D F, Bhargava H N, Li L, Zaim R H, Babayan V K, Bistrian B R. Physicochemical stability of total nutrient admixtures.  Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995;  52 623-634
• 28 FDA Safety Alert. Hazards of precipitation associated with parenteral nutrition. Department of Health and Human Services. FDA 1994
• 29 Washington C. The stability of intravenous fat emulsions in TPN mixtures.  Int J Pharmaceutics. 1999;  66 1-21
• 30 Schmutz C, Werner R, Keller U, Mühlebach S. Emulsion stability of all-in-one TPN admixtures assessed by microscopy. Comparison of different lipid emulsions and amino acid solutions.  Clin Nutr. 1993;  12 59-60
• 31 Driscoll D F, Bacon M N, Bistrian B R. Physicochemical stability of two types of intravenous lipid emulsion as total nutrient admixtures.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000;  24 15-22
• 32 Gräflein C. Parenterale Ernährung mit stabilitätsgeprüften, modularen Standardlösungen in der Neonatologie (Dissertation). Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität Basel; http://pages.unibas.ch/diss/2004/DissB_6720.pdf 2004
• 33 Laborie S, Lavoie J C, Pineault M, Chessex P. Contribution of multivitamins, air, and light in the generation of peroxides in adult and neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions.  Ann Pharmacother. 2000;  34 440-445
• 34 Steger J, Mühlebach S F. Lipid peroxidation of iv lipid emulsions in TPN bags: the influence of tocopherols.  Nutrition. 1998;  14 179-185
• 35 Steger P J, Mühlebach S F. Lipid peroxidation of intravenous lipid emulsions and all-in-one admixtures in total parenteral nutrition bags: the influence of trace elements.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000;  24 37-41
• 36 Sobotka L, Allison S P, Stanga Z. Water and electrolytes. In: Sobotka L, Allison SP, Fürst P et al. (eds) Basics in clinical nutrition: Edited for ESPEN Courses. Prague, Czech Republic; Publishing House Galén 2000
• 37 Allwood M C, Kearney M C. Compatibility and stability of additives in parenteral nutrition admixtures.  Nutrition. 1998;  14 697-706
• 38 Dupertuis Y M, Morch A, Fathi M. et al . Physical characteristics of total parenteral nutrition bags significantly affect the stability of vitamins C and B1: a controlled prospective study.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002;  26 310-316
• 39 Sobotka L, Allison S P, Fürst P. et al (Hrsg) .Basics in clinical nutrition: Edited for ESPEN Courses. Prague, Czech Republic; Publishing House Galén 2000
• 40 Silvers K M, Sluis K B, Darlow B A, McGill F, Stocker R, Winterbourn C C. Limiting light-induced lipid peroxidation and vitamin loss in infant parenteral nutrition by adding multivitamin preparations to Intralipid.  Acta Paediatr. 2001;  90 242-249
• 41 Martinelli E, Mühlebach S. Kunststoffumbeutel als Lichtschutz für Infusionen. Ergebnisse einer praxisnahen Untersuchung mit Vitamin K₁ als Testsubstanz.  Krankenhauspharmazie. 1995;  16 286-289
• 42 Silvers K M, Darlow B A, Winterbourn C C. Lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide formation in parenteral nutrition solutions containing multivitamins.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2001;  25 14-17
• 43 Barnett M I, Cosslett A G, Duffield J R, Evans D A, Hall S B, Williams D R. Parenteral nutrition. Pharmaceutical problems of compatibility and stability.  Drug Saf. 1990;  5 Suppl 1 101-106
• 44 Gikic M, Paolo E R di, Pannatier A, Cotting J. Evaluation of physicochemical incompatibilities during parenteral drug administration in a paediatric intensive care unit.  Pharm World Sci. 2000;  22 88-91
• 45 Trissel L A, Gilbert D L, Martinez J F, Baker M B, Walter W V, Mirtallo J M. Compatibility of medications with 3-in-1 parenteral nutrition admixtures.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999;  23 67-74
• 46 Schmid U, Mühlebach S. Interactions of drugs and i. v. lipids: influence of cyclosporin on fat clearance in vitro.  Clin Nutr. 2001;  20 27