Qualität in der Mittelohrchirurgie – eine kritische Standortbestimmung

Zusammenfassung

Zur Ergebnisbewertung der rekonstruktiven Mittelohrchirurgie nur die erzielte Verbesserung audiometrischer Messergebnisse heranzuziehen greift zu kurz. Auch wenn sie als funktionelle Parameter eine zentrale Stellung in der Therapiebewertung des Sinnesohrgans Ohr einnehmen, müssen sie für die moderne Qualitätsbeschreibung um eine Reihe von Faktoren ergänzt werden. Dabei sind die z. T. unterschiedlichen Perspektiven, aus denen ein qualitativ gutes Ergebnis bewertet wird, zu berücksichtigen. Aus Sicht des Patienten sind andere Faktoren ausschlaggebend als für den Arzt, für den Arzt wiederum andere als für die Kostenträger und die internationale otologische Gemeinschaft, die anhand von Ergebnissen gesicherte Erkenntnisse aus mittelohrchirurgischen Studiendaten ziehen möchte, setzt wieder andere Kriterien an, um die Qualität zu bewerten.

Dazu wird der allgemeine Qualitätsbegriff auf die Mittelohrchirurgie adaptiert. Zudem muss er auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen gedacht und die chirurgische Therapie von Mittelohrerkrankungen als ganzer Prozess verstanden werden. Damit fallen neue Aspekte in die Qualitätsbewertung, die eine strukturierte Beschreibung und Erfassung krankheitsspezifischer Symptome, Befunde und das Behandlungsergebnis umfassen. Auch die Nutzung international anerkannter Klassifizierungssysteme, um die eigenen Ergebnisse nicht nur publizierbar sondern auch Meta-Analyse-fähig zu machen muss in der heutigen Zeit als ein Qualitätsmerkmal angesehen werden. Hierzu stehen international erarbeitete und anerkannte Berichtssysteme zur Verfügung. Ihre Anwendung in der Routineversorgung macht die erhobenen Daten dabei nicht nur international vergleichbar, sondern ermöglicht auch die systematische Bewertung innerhalb einer Institution zur Qualitätsbeschreibung.

Neben audiologischen Messergebnissen werden chirurgische Qualitätsindikatoren betrachtet. Dabei wird der Blick auch auf eintretende Komplikationen und den Wert systematischer und strukturierter Erfassungssysteme gerichtet. Für die Nutzenbewertung durch die Patienten stehen mittlerweile validierte Messinstrumente zur Verfügung, deren Einsatz nicht mehr auf wissenschaftliche Studien beschränkt sein sollte. Zusammenfassend soll die Qualitätsbewertung nicht nur auf den „Patienten als Ganzes“, sondern auch den „Therapieprozess als Ganzes“, mit Einbeziehung von Merkmalen der Struktur- und Prozessqualität, ausgedehnt werden.

Abstract

When evaluating the outcome of reconstructive middle ear surgery, it is insufficient to use only the achieved improvement of audiometric measurement results. Although, as functional parameters, they occupy a central position in the therapeutic assessment of the ear as a sensory organ, they must be supplemented by a number of modern quality control factors. Different perspectives for assessment of quality must be taken into account. What is important from the patient’s point of view may not be the same factors as to the physician, while the physician places a high value on factors that are less significant for the medical insurance company. The international otological community, who would like to draw conclusions from middle ear surgery data, might set different criteria altogether for assessing quality of surgery.

Hence, we propose to adapt the general concept of quality to middle ear surgery. This must be implemented on different levels and surgical therapy of middle ear diseases must be understood as a process.

This means that quality assessment must comprise additional aspects, which include a structured description and recording of disease-specific symptoms, findings, and outcome of treatment. Furthermore, in today's world the use of internationally recognized classification systems must be regarded as a quality feature, in order to make results not only publishable but also capable of meta-analysis. Internationally developed and recognized reporting systems are available for this purpose. Their use in routine care not only makes the collected data internationally comparable, but also enables systematic evaluation within the institution for quality description and control.

In addition to audiological measurement results, surgical quality indicators are considered. We also focus on emerging complications and the value of systematic and structured evaluation and documentation systems. Validated measuring instruments are already available for patient benefit assessment, the use of which should no longer be limited to scientific studies. In summary, quality assessment of surgery should be extended to include not only the “patient as a whole”, but also to the “therapy process as a whole”, incorporating features of structural and process quality.

Schlüsselwörter

Qualitätsbewertung - Ergebnisqualität - Tympanoplastik - Mittelohrrekonstruktion - Lebensqualität

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