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DOI: 10.1055/a-1299-1190
Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) – Nützlicher Wegweiser in der praktischen Beratung oder rein theoretisches Modell in der Ernährungsforschung?
Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) – Useful Guide in Practical Advice or a Purely Theoretical Model in Nutritional Research?
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Mithilfe des Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) lässt sich das inflammatorische Potenzial einer jeweiligen Ernährungsweise charakterisieren. Voraussetzung hierfür ist das Vorliegen von ausreichend Ernährungsdaten, wie in etwa einem Verzehrfragebogen. Da der DII unabhängig von der jeweiligen Esskultur ist, kann er prinzipiell global eingesetzt werden. Aktuell gibt es keinen vergleichbaren Index, der zu diesem Zweck verwendet werden kann. Das inflammatorische Potenzial der Ernährung ist ein hochaktuelles Thema, zu dem inzwischen fast täglich neue Veröffentlichungen erscheinen. Eine nähere Betrachtung dieses noch relativ jungen Indexes ist daher sinnvoll.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche zur Extraktion und Evaluierung relevanter Artikel bezogen auf den DII in Pubmed ausgeführt. Für diese Übersichtsarbeit wurden initial insgesamt 352 Artikel gesichtet. Von diesen waren 128 Querschnittstudien, 103 Kohortenstudien, 83 Fallkontrollstudien, 28 Metaanalysen und 10 Interventionsstudien aus insgesamt 36 Nationen. Mithilfe der extrahierten Metaanalysen wurde eine detailliertere Zusammenfassung zum Nutzen und der klinischen Relevanz des DII als Äquivalent zum ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial gegeben.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die Validität des DII wurde bereits vielfach überprüft. Schwierig wird die globale Vergleichbarkeit, wenn der Index in den verschiedenen Populationen mit einer unterschiedlichen Anzahl und verschiedenartigen Nahrungsparametern berechnet wurde. Nichtsdestotrotz evaluiert der Index das inflammatorische Potenzial einer gesamten Ernährungsweise und ist daher nicht begrenzt auf eine spezifische (regionale) Diät, wie es bspw. der Mediterranean Diet Score ist. Hiervon profitiert in erster Linie die grenzübergreifende Ernährungsforschung. Darüber hinaus könnte sich der DII zukünftig auch als evaluierendes Tool innerhalb der Ernährungsmedizin/-beratung als nützlich erweisen.
Abstract
Background The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) can be used to characterize the inflammatory potential of an individual diet. This requires sufficient nutritional data from food frequency questionnaires or, even better, open-ended nutrition diaries. The DII has been developed to be used in different populations all over the world. Currently, there is no comparable index that can be used for this purpose. The inflammatory potential of nutrition is highly topical with almost daily new available publications. Therefore, it is interesting to have a closer look at this relatively young index.
Materials and methods An extensive literature search regarding original articles focusing on the DII has been carried out in Pubmed. Initially, 352 full-text studies were screened. Of these, 128 were cross-sectional studies, 103 cohorts, 83 case-control studies, 28 meta-analyses and 10 clinical interventions from in total 36 nations. Due to the data abundance, the extracted meta-analyses provided a basis for a more detailed overview about the use and usefulness of the DII.
Results and conclusion The DII has already been validated in different populations. A global comparability between the cultures nevertheless becomes difficult when the index has been calculated with various numbers of foods and thus diverse DII-relevant nutrient parameters. Apart from that, the DII is able to estimate the inflammatory potential of a whole diet and is therefore not limited to a specific (regional) diet, such as the Mediterranean Diet Score. This primarily benefits nutritional research across borders. Additionally, the DII might become useful within nutritional medicine.
Publication History
Article published online:
16 June 2021
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