Inverting the Conventional Site Selectivity of Cross-Coupling of 2,4-Dichloropyrimidines

Abstract

Cross-coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 2,4-dihalopyrimidines generally favor reaction at the C4 site, especially in the absence of other substituents on the pyrimidine ring. Here, we review our recent discovery of reaction conditions that enable C2-selective Pd-catalyzed C–S coupling of unsubstituted 2,4-dichloropyrimidines, as well as some substituted derivatives. The unusual C2 selectivity complements previously established cross-coupling methods and raises interesting mechanistic questions about oxidative addition in cross-coupling catalytic cycles.

Keywords

Site selectivity - Protein kinase inhibitors - Cross-coupling - Thiopyrimidines - Catalysis - Nucleophilic aromatic substitution - Oxidative addition

Publication History

Received: 06 August 2025

Accepted after revision: 25 September 2025

Article published online:
05 November 2025

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