ADME-Based Drug Development of 2H-Pyran Derivatives with Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy

Abstract

The work presents a mild, environmentally friendly process for the effective synthesis of 2H-pyran-5-carboxlate derivatives using ultrasound. High yields were obtained in less time using the improved reaction than with conventional techniques. The compounds have been studied by elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. When evaluated against a variety of bacterial and fungal species, their antimicrobial activity produced encouraging findings. Furthermore, acceptable pharmacokinetic features for several derivatives were found using absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiling and drug-likeness evaluation, indicating good oral bioavailability. Together with their antibacterial activity and good drug-likeness, these compounds are intriguing prospects for additional research as antimicrobial agents due to their green manufacturing process.

Keywords

2H-Pyran-5-carboxylate - Ultrasound irradiation - Morpholine - One pot multicomponent reaction - Optimization - Aqueous condition - Antibacterial activity - Antifungal activity

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 27. Juli 2025

Angenommen nach Revision: 17. Oktober 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
17. Oktober 2025

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
18. November 2025

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