Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Skull Base—Case Report

Abstract

Introduction Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are pseudotumoral bone lesions of unknown etiology that are also hypervascularized, benign, and locally destructive. They are rare in the base of the skull. The present case report describes a case of aneurysmal bone cyst in the sella turcica.

Case Report The present study was developed at the department of neurosurgery of the Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes of the Universidade Federal de Alagoas (HUPAA-AL, in the Portuguese acronym), Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil, and is accompanied by a review of the literature from the PubMed database. A 17-year-old female patient with bitemporal hemianopia and intense left hemicranial headache associated with symptoms from the cranial nerves contained in the cavernous sinus. Neuroimaging evidenced a large lesion in the suprasellar region with calcification foci, sellar erosion, and extension to the cavernous sinus. The patient was submitted to a partial lesion resection and the histopathological analysis showed an aneurysmal bone cyst.

Conclusion A rare case of intracranial aneurysmal bone cyst, with the important differential diagnosis from pituitary adenoma.

Resumo

Introdução Cistos ósseos aneurismáticos (COAs) são lesões ósseas pseudotumorais, de etiologia desconhecida, hipervascularizadas, benignas, localmente destrutivas. Cistos ósseos aneuristmáticos são raros na topografia da base do crânio. O objetivo do presente relato de caso é descrever um caso de cisto ósseo aneurismático localizado na sela túrcica.

Relato de caso O caso foi acompanhado no Serviço de Neurocirurgia do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (HUPAA-AL), Maceió, AL, Brasil, e sua descrição foi feita conforme dados encontrados em revisão de literatura realizada por meio do banco de dados PubMed. Paciente do sexo feminino, 17 anos, com hemianopsia bitemporal e intensa cefaleia hemicraniana esquerda associada à lesão dos nervos cranianos contidos no seio cavernoso. Exames de neuroimagem evidenciaram uma lesão extensa na região suprasselar com focos de calcificação e erosão da sela túrcica, e com extensão para o seio cavernoso. Tratamento com ressecção parcial da lesão, a qual o exame histopatológico revelou ser cisto ósseo aneurismático.

Conclusão Caso raro de cisto ósseo aneurismático intracraniano, sendo importante o diagnóstico diferencial com adenoma hipofisário.

Keywords

aneurysmal bone cysts - sella turcica

Palavras-chave

cistos ósseos aneurismáticos - sela túrcica

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