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Am J Perinatol 2021; 38(S 01): e129-e136
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708804
Original Article

A Comparison of Respiratory Syncytial Viral Prophylaxis in Multiple Births versus Singletons in the Canadian Registry of Palivizumab

Bosco Paes 
1   Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
,
Abby Li
2   Medical Outcomes and Research in Economics Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
,
Doyoung Kim
2   Medical Outcomes and Research in Economics Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
,
Krista L. Lanctot
2   Medical Outcomes and Research in Economics Research Group, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
,
Ian Mitchell 
3   Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
,
CARESS Investigators › Author Affiliations Funding The CARESS registry is funded by an investigator-initiated grant from AbbVie Corporation (A05-130).
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Abstract

Objective The aim of this study is to compare respiratory illness-related hospitalization (RIH) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospitalization (RSVH) in multiple births versus singletons, who received palivizumab during the RSV season and participated in the Canadian registry of palivizumab (CARESS).

Study Design Prospective, observational study of infants aged <2 years recruited across 32 centers over 12 RSV seasons from 2005 to 2017. Demographic data were collected at enrolment and RIH events were recorded monthly.

Results A total of 25,003 infants were enrolled of whom 6,949 (27.8%) were of multiple birth, and 18,054 (72.2%) were singletons. A significantly larger proportion of the multiple births were premature (80.2%) compared with the singleton group (56.8%). Multiples had a lower gestational age (mean ± standard deviation): 31.2 ± 3.2 versus 33.2 ± 5.5 weeks and birth weight (mean: 1,590 ± 606.8 vs. 2,069.4 ± 1068.5 g; both p < 0.0005). They were younger at enrolment (4.5 ± 5.0 vs. 6.1 ± 6.8 months), and fewer attended daycare (1.9 vs. 4.6%), and experienced exposure to smoking (24.5 vs. 29.9%), but more lived in a crowded household (36.7 vs. 19.4%); all p < 0.0005. Multiples had a longer length of neonatal stay (51.1 ± 65.9 vs. 47.9 ± 67.8 days), and more required respiratory support (65.7 vs. 57.7%), but for shorter duration (22.6 ± 32.9 vs. 24.7 ± 40.6 days); all p < 0.001. RIH and RSVH rates (%) in multiples versus singletons were 4.7; 7.7 and 1.4; and 1.6, respectively. Cox regression showed that multiples had a lower risk of RIH compared with singletons (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.616, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.543–0.698, p < 0.0005), but not RSVH (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.57–1.02, p = 0.071).

Conclusion Multiple birth infants, who are known to be at greater risk for severe RSVH compared with singletons, are well protected by palivizumab, provided adherence to the monthly injection scheme is guaranteed.

Keywords

multiple births - singletons - respiratory syncytial virus - prophylaxis - palivizumab - outcomes

Note

The CARESS registry is registered under: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00420966. AbbVie had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.




Publication History

Received: 24 December 2019

Accepted: 13 February 2020

Article published online:
31 March 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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