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CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Child Science 2020; 10(01): e74-e79
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713623
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Prevalence and Associated Factors with Mixed Coinfections among under 5-Year-Old Children with Severe Viral Pneumonia in Vietnam

Hien T. Pham
1   International Outpatient Department, National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
,
Tran N. T. Nguyen
2   Respiratory Department, National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
,
Quynh A. Tran
3   Surgical Department, National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
,
Tam T. Ngo 
4   Faculty of Health Sciences, Thang Long University, Hanoi, Vietnam
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

17 March 2020

08 May 2020

Publication Date:
04 August 2020 (online)

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Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is well-recognized as a leading cause of disease burden in children. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of coinfection and associated factors in Vietnamese children ages 1 month to 5 years with viral pneumonia. We performed a cross-sectional study of children who were diagnosed with severe viral pneumonia. Demographic, clinical, and subclinical characteristics were compared between children with viral alone and bacterial coinfection. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine which factors were associated with risk of coinfection. Of 202 children with severe viral pneumonia, the most common causative agent was respiratory syncytial virus (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]: 36.1%), followed by influenza virus A (24.3%) and adenovirus (19.8%). Fifty-three children (26.2%) had bacterial superinfection and/or coinfection with other viruses. Haemophilus influenza was the most common bacterium (9.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (with 4.0%). In infants (toddlers), ages 12 to 24 months with severe viral pneumonia, (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–9.33), the higher concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT; OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00–1.34), and neutrophils (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04–1.22) were associated with a higher risk of coinfection. This study underlined the pervasiveness of coinfections among young children with severe viral pneumonia. Provision of effective antiviral treatment, especially for RSV, as well as the advancement of sensitive and rapid diagnostic tools for screening pathogens of pneumonia, is critical to reducing the burden of this disease.

Keywords

bacterial - viral - severe pneumonia - coinfection
 

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