Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2020; 33(06): 329-334
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714235
Review Article

ESD and Pit Pattern Diagnosis: Lessons from a Japanese Endoscopist Working in the United States

Makoto Nishimura
1   Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed in 2000s to overcome the limitations of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), especially to accomplish en-bloc resection, and it has been accepted worldwide in the past decades. Many ESD devices and diagnosis modalities are currently available, which include pit pattern and narrow band imaging (NBI) diagnoses to evaluate the depth of the tumor preoperatively with sensitivities of 70 to 90%. Depending on the Japanese colorectal guideline, the intramucosal cancer and shallow invasion of the submucosal layer are the main good indications of ESD; however, the ESD practices between Japan and Western countries still vary, including pathologic definition of cancer, tumor/node/metastasis classification, and handling of ESD specimen. In the United States, despite the large demand for treatment of colorectal neoplasm, pit pattern and magnified NBI diagnoses are not widely accepted yet, and piecemeal EMR is still the major method in most of the institutions. Moreover, the specific guideline of ESD is also not available yet. More new technologies are being developed other than conventional ESD methods in Eastern and Western countries, and ESD is now expected to change in the next generation. It is recommended that not only gastroenterologists but also colorectal surgeons have appropriate knowledge of colorectal lesions and their management to ensure current treatments is applied to patients.



Publication History

Article published online:
04 September 2020

Thieme Medical Publishers
333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

 
  • References

  • 1 Terasaki M, Tanaka S, Oka S. et al. Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for laterally spreading tumors larger than 20 mm. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27 (04) 734-740
  • 2 Holmes I, Friedland S. Endoscopic mucosal resection versus endoscopic submucosal dissection for large polyps: a Western colonoscopist's view. Clin Endosc 2016; 49 (05) 454-456
  • 3 Ferlitsch M, Moss A, Hassan C. et al. Colorectal polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy 2017; 49 (03) 270-297
  • 4 Tanaka S, Kashida H, Saito Y. et al. JGES guidelines for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection/endoscopic mucosal resection. Dig Endosc 2015; 27 (04) 417-434
  • 5 Rogart JN, Jain D, Siddiqui UD. et al. Narrow-band imaging without high magnification to differentiate polyps during real-time colonoscopy: improvement with experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68 (06) 1136-1145
  • 6 Gorgun E, Benlice C, Abbas MA, Steele S. Experience in colon sparing surgery in North America: advanced endoscopic approaches for complex colorectal lesions. Surg Endosc 2018; 32 (07) 3114-3121
  • 7 Arezzo A, Passera R, Saito Y. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic submucosal dissection versus transanal endoscopic microsurgery for large noninvasive rectal lesions. Surg Endosc 2014; 28 (02) 427-438
  • 8 Ishiguro A, Uno Y, Ishiguro Y, Munakata A, Morita T. Correlation of lifting versus non-lifting and microscopic depth of invasion in early colorectal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50 (03) 329-333
  • 9 Uraoka T, Parra-Blanco A, Yahagi N. Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in Japan and Western countries. Dig Endosc 2012; 24 (Suppl. 01) 80-83
  • 10 Kudo S, Tamura S, Nakajima T, Yamano H, Kusaka H, Watanabe H. Diagnosis of colorectal tumorous lesions by magnifying endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1996; 44 (01) 8-14
  • 11 Togashi K, Konishi F, Ishizuka T, Sato T, Senba S, Kanazawa K. Efficacy of magnifying endoscopy in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps of the large bowel. Dis Colon Rectum 1999; 42 (12) 1602-1608
  • 12 Matsuda T, Fujii T, Saito Y. et al. Efficacy of the invasive/non-invasive pattern by magnifying chromoendoscopy to estimate the depth of invasion of early colorectal neoplasms. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103 (11) 2700-2706
  • 13 Komeda Y, Kashida H, Sakurai T. et al. Magnifying narrow band imaging (NBI) for the diagnosis of localized colorectal lesions using the Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification. Oncology 2017; 93 (Suppl. 01) 49-54
  • 14 Sano Y, Tanaka S, Kudo SE. et al. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnifying endoscopic classification of colorectal tumors proposed by the Japan NBI Expert Team. Dig Endosc 2016; 28 (05) 526-533
  • 15 Iwatate M, Sano Y, Tanaka S. , et al; Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET). Validation study for development of the Japan NBI Expert Team classification of colorectal lesions. Dig Endosc 2018; 30 (05) 642-651
  • 16 Utsumi T, Iwatate M, Sunakawa H. et al. Additional chromoendoscopy for colorectal lesions initially diagnosed with low confidence by magnifying narrow-band imaging: can it improve diagnostic accuracy?. Dig Endosc 2018; 30 (Suppl. 01) 45-50
  • 17 Hewett DG, Huffman ME, Rex DK. Leaving distal colorectal hyperplastic polyps in place can be achieved with high accuracy by using narrow-band imaging: an observational study. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76 (02) 374-380
  • 18 Ishii N, Itoh T, Horiki N. et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection with a combination of small-caliber-tip transparent hood and flex knife for large superficial colorectal neoplasias including ileocecal lesions. Surg Endosc 2010; 24 (08) 1941-1947
  • 19 Yamamoto H. Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early cancers and large flat adenomas. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3 (07) (Suppl. 01) S74-S76
  • 20 Saito Y, Sakamoto T, Fukunaga S, Nakajima T, Kiriyama S, Matsuda T. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal tumors. Dig Endosc 2009; 21 (Suppl. 01) S7-S12
  • 21 Uraoka T, Saito Y, Yahagi N. What are the latest developments in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection?. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 4 (07) 296-300
  • 22 Fujishiro M, Yahagi N, Nakamura M. et al. Successful outcomes of a novel endoscopic treatment for GI tumors: endoscopic submucosal dissection with a mixture of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and sugar. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63 (02) 243-249
  • 23 Yamamoto H, Yahagi N, Oyama T. et al. Usefulness and safety of 0.4% sodium hyaluronate solution as a submucosal fluid “cushion” in endoscopic resection for gastric neoplasms: a prospective multicenter trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 67 (06) 830-839
  • 24 Girotra M, Triadafilopoulos G, Friedland S. Utility and performance characteristics of a novel submucosal injection agent (Eleview™) for endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3: 32
  • 25 Spadaccini M, Hassan C, Maselli R. et al. Efficacy and safety of SIC-8000 (Eleview®) for submucosal injection for endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection in an in vivo porcine model. Dig Liver Dis 2018; 50 (03) 260-266
  • 26 Repici A, Wallace M, Sharma P. et al. A novel submucosal injection solution for endoscopic resection of large colorectal lesions: a randomized, double-blind trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 88 (03) 527-535.e5
  • 27 Abe S, Oda I, Suzuki H, Yoshinaga S, Saito Y. Insulated tip knife tunneling technique with clip line traction for safe endoscopic submucosal dissection of large circumferential esophageal cancer. VideoGIE 2017; 2 (12) 342-345
  • 28 Soga K, Shimomura T, Suzuki T. et al. Usefulness of the modified clip-with-line method for endoscopic mucosal treatment procedure. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2018; 27 (03) 317-320
  • 29 Gotoda T, Oda I, Tamakawa K, Ueda H, Kobayashi T, Kakizoe T. Prospective clinical trial of magnetic-anchor-guided endoscopic submucosal dissection for large early gastric cancer (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 69 (01) 10-15
  • 30 Mortagy M, Mehta N, Parsi MA. et al. Magnetic anchor guidance for endoscopic submucosal dissection and other endoscopic procedures. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23 (16) 2883-2890
  • 31 Sakamoto N, Osada T, Shibuya T. et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection of large colorectal tumors by using a novel spring-action S-O clip for traction (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 69 (07) 1370-1374
  • 32 Hashimoto R, Hirasawa D, Iwaki T. et al. Usefulness of the S-O clip for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video). Surg Endosc 2018; 32 (02) 908-914
  • 33 Uraoka T, Ishikawa S, Kato J. et al. Advantages of using thin endoscope-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection technique for large colorectal tumors. Dig Endosc 2010; 22 (03) 186-191
  • 34 Yamasaki Y, Takeuchi Y, Hanaoka N. et al. A novel traction method using an endoclip attached to a nylon string during colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy 2015; 47 (Suppl 1 UCTN): E238-E239
  • 35 Yamada S, Doyama H, Ota R. et al. Impact of the clip and snare method using the prelooping technique for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy 2016; 48 (03) 281-285
  • 36 Tsuji K, Yoshida N, Nakanishi H, Takemura K, Yamada S, Doyama H. Recent traction methods for endoscopic submucosal dissection. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22 (26) 5917-5926
  • 37 Kantsevoy SV, Bitner M, Piskun G. New endoscopic platform for endoluminal en bloc tissue resection in the gastrointestinal tract (with videos). Surg Endosc 2016; 30 (07) 3145-3151
  • 38 Sharma S, Momose K, Hara H. et al. Facilitating endoscopic submucosal dissection: double balloon endolumenal platform significantly improves dissection time compared with conventional technique (with video). Surg Endosc 2018; ••• DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6336-4.
  • 39 Walsh RM, Ackroyd FW, Shellito PC. Endoscopic resection of large sessile colorectal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc 1992; 38 (03) 303-309
  • 40 Kudo S, Kashida H, Nakajima T, Tamura S, Nakajo K. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer. World J Surg 1997; 21 (07) 694-701
  • 41 Hotta K, Saito Y, Matsuda T, Shinohara T, Oyama T. Local recurrence and surveillance after endoscopic resection of large colorectal tumors. Dig Endosc 2010; 22 (Suppl. 01) S63-S68
  • 42 Hong SN, Byeon JS, Lee BI. et al. Prediction model and risk score for perforation in patients undergoing colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection. Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 84 (01) 98-108
  • 43 Yoshizaki T, Toyonaga T, Tanaka S. et al. Feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for lesions involving the ileocecal valve. Endoscopy 2016; 48 (07) 639-645
  • 44 Suzuki T, Hara T, Kitagawa Y, Takashiro H, Nankinzan R, Yamaguchi T. Feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for cecal lesions. Scand J Gastroenterol 2018; 53 (03) 359-364
  • 45 Toyonaga T, Tanaka S, Man-I M. et al. Clinical significance of the muscle-retracting sign during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3 (03) E246-E251
  • 46 Hurlstone DP, Sanders DS, Atkinson R. et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection for flat neoplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis: can we change the endoscopic management paradigm?. Gut 2007; 56 (06) 838-846
  • 47 Chiba H, Tachikawa J, Kurihara D. et al. Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection of colon cancer with severe fibrosis after tattooing. Clin J Gastroenterol 2017; 10 (05) 426-430
  • 48 East JE, Toyonaga T, Suzuki N. Endoscopic management of nonpolypoid colorectal lesions in colonic IBD. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2014; 24 (03) 435-445
  • 49 Iacopini F, Saito Y, Yamada M. et al. Curative endoscopic submucosal dissection of large nonpolypoid superficial neoplasms in ulcerative colitis (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82 (04) 734-738
  • 50 Smith LA, Baraza W, Tiffin N, Cross SS, Hurlstone DP. Endoscopic resection of adenoma-like mass in chronic ulcerative colitis using a combined endoscopic mucosal resection and cap assisted submucosal dissection technique. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14 (10) 1380-1386
  • 51 Kaltenbach T, Leite G, Soetikno R. Colonoscopy surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2016; 14 (01) 103-114
  • 52 Shinozaki S, Hayashi Y, Lefor AK, Yamamoto H. What is the best therapeutic strategy for colonoscopy of colorectal neoplasia? Future perspectives from the East. Dig Endosc 2016; 28 (03) 289-295
  • 53 Sakamoto H, Hayashi Y, Miura Y. et al. Pocket-creation method facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal laterally spreading tumors, non-granular type. Endosc Int Open 2017; 5 (02) E123-E129