Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Der Morbus Crohn ist eine chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung, welche in 4 - 8
% der Patienten zu Augenveränderungen führt. Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit
Morbus Crohn, der im Rahmen einer assoziierten Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita ein
progredientes Hornhautulkus entwickelte. Patient: Ein 26-jähriger Patient mit einem seit 3 Jahren gesicherten Morbus Crohn stellte
sich wegen eines Hornhautrandulkus am rechten Auge vor. Die Vorderkammer war tief
und reizfrei. Die Fundusuntersuchung war regelrecht. Die Abstriche auf Erreger vom
Ulkusgrund zeigten kein Keimwachstum. Der Visus betrug 0,8. Das linke Auge war regelrecht.
Weiterhin zeigten sich bullöse Hautveränderungen im Bereich der Arme und Beine. Trotz
lokaler Antibiotikatherapie und systemischer immunsuppressiver Therapie mit Tacrolimus,
Azathioprin und Methylprednisolon kam es zu einer deutlichen Verschlechterung des
Hornhautbefundes. Daher wurde das Hornhautulkus operativ mit einer Amnionmembran gedeckt,
welche jedoch innerhalb von wenigen Tagen einschmolz. Es wurden weitere Therapieversuche
zunächst mit Amnionmembrandeckung und später mit Bindehautdeckungen vorgenommen. Jedes
Mal kam es zur raschen Einschmelzung und Vergrößerung des Ulkus mit Sklerabeteiligung,
so dass eine tektonische Sklerokeratoplastik erforderlich war. Histologisch zeigten
sich eine starke Verdünnung des Hornhautstromas und eine entzündliche Infiltration
von Kornea und Sklera. Schlussfolgerungen: Hornhautkomplikationen bei Patienten mit Morbus Crohn sind im Gegensatz zur Konjunktivitis,
Episkleritis und Uveitis sehr selten. Unseres Wissens ist dies der erste Patient mit
Morbus Crohn und Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita bei dem es zu einem progredienten
Hornhautulkus kam. Inwieweit ein vermuteter Autoimmunprozess im Bereich der Hornhaut
in direktem Zusammenhang zum Morbus Crohn oder zur Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
steht, bleibt unklar.
Abstract
Background: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, leading to ocular manifestations
in 4 - 8 % of patients. We report on a patient with Crohn's disease, who developed
in association with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita a progressive corneal ulcer. Patient: A 26-year old patient with a 3-year history of Crohn's disease presented with a peripheral
corneal ulcer of the right eye. The anterior chamber was deep and quiet. Fundus examination
was normal. Corneal smears displayed no bacterial growth. Visual acuity of the right
eye was 20/25. Examination of the left eye was normal. Furthermore, he had developed
cutaneous blisters on the arms and legs. Despite treatment with topical antibiotics
and systemic immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus, azathioprine and methylprednisolone
the corneal manifestation deteriorated. Therefore, an amniotic membrane was transplanted
for treatment of the corneal ulcer; however, this was followed by melting of the amniotic
membrane within a few days. Additional therapeutic procedures including further amniotic
membrane transplantations and autologous conjunctival grafts have been performed.
This was regularly unsuccessful. The corneal ulcer increased in size and extended
into the sclera. Therefore a tectonic sclerokeratoplasty was necessary. Histologic
examination of the excised corneoscleral tissue revealed an extensive stromal thinning
associated with inflammatory infiltration of the cornea and sclera. Conclusions: Corneal complications in patients with Crohn's disease are very rare in contrast
to conjunctivitis, episcleritis und uveitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is
the first description of a patient with Crohn's disease and epidermolysis bullosa
acquisita developing progressive corneal ulcer. How closely an assumed autoimmune
mechanism in the cornea is related to Crohn's disease or epidermolysis bullosa acquisita,
is not known.
Schlüsselwörter
Morbus Crohn - Hornhautulkus - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita - Amnionmembran
Key words
Crohn's disease - corneal ulcer - epidermolysis bullosa acquisita - amniotic membrane
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Christoph W. Spraul
Universitäts-Augenklinik Ulm
Prittwitzstraße 43
89075 Ulm
Email: christoph.spraul@medizin.uni-ulm.de