ABSTRACT
The purpose of our study was to review the effects of Crohn's disease on pregnancy
outcomes. Over a 6-year period, we identified 17 women with pregnancies complicated
by Crohn's disease. The mean age of the women was 26 years, with a mean age of diagnosis
at 17 years. Crohn's disease worsened only slightly during the pregnancy. Exacerbations
of diarrhea were the main problems. Weight gain, unadjusted for gestational age at
delivery, was 18 pounds. Three babies had low birthweight; two were both premature
and growth retarded. One woman with active disease and no prenatal care had a fetal
death at 30 weeks' gestation with subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Among women with active perianal disease, one was delivered vaginally without exacerbation
of symptoms. Four women with histories of perianal disease had prophylactic primary
elective cesarean sections to avoid worsening of symptoms. Three of these women developed
recurrent perianal disease despite the abdominal delivery. One of these developed
an abdominal fistula trait in the wound. Our findings suggest that active disease
at the onset of pregnancy tends to remain active, and quiescent disease tends to remain
quiescent. Mode of delivery in our series was not protective against perineal disease.
Although our series is small, it suggests that delivery may occur vaginally, with
operative delivery reserved for obstetric indications.
Keywords
Crohn's disease - pregnancy - cesarean delivery - perineal abscess
