Behandlungsstrategien bei oromandibulärer Dystonie

Zusammenfassung

Eine oromandibuläre Dystonie ist charakterisiert durch unwillkürliche tonische oder klonische Spasmen der Kau- und / oder Zungenmuskulatur bzw. der Muskeln im stomatognathen System. Sie wird oft fälschlicherweise als kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion oder psychiatrische Erkrankung diagnostiziert. Aufgrund der klinischen Bilder wird die oromandibuläre Dystonie in 6 Subtypen (Kieferschluss-, Kieferöffnungs-, Zungen-, Kieferdeviations-, Kieferprotrusions-, und Lippendystonie) eingeteilt. Es gibt verschiedene Behandlungsmethoden, z. B. Injektion von Botulinum-Toxin, Muskelafferenzblockierung (Injektionen von Lidocain und Äthanol in die Kau- oder Zungenmuskulatur zur Blockierung der Afferenzen der Muskelspindeln), Aufbissschiene und chirurgische Eingriffe (Coronoidotomie). In vielen Fällen können aufgrund des Subtyps die Symptome durch eine Kombination dieser Methoden erfolgreich behandelt werden. In diesem Leitthema werden spezielle Therapieempfehlungen für jeden Subtyp beschrieben. Eine genaue Diagnose und Behandlung einer oromandibulären Dystonie erfordert umfassende Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten sowohl in der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie als auch in der Neurologie. Daher ist die Zusammenarbeit zwischen diesen Abteilungen sehr wichtig.

Abstract

Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by tonic or clonic involuntary spasms of the masticatory, lingual and / or muscles in the stomatognathic system. It is often misdiagnosed as craniomandibular dysfunction or psychiatric disease. According to clinical features, the oromandibular dystonia is classified into 6 subtypes (jaw closing-, jaw opening-, tongue-, jaw deviation-, jaw protrusion-, and lip dystonia). There are several treatment methods like botulinum toxin injection, muscle afferent block (injection of lidocaine and alcohol into the masticatory or tongue muscles for blocking muscle afferents from muscle spindle), occlusal splint, and oral surgery (coronoidotomy). Most of patients can be treated successfully according to subtype by combination of these treatments. Special treatment recommendations for each subtype were described in this focus article. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of oral dystonia requires comprehensive knowledge and skills of both oral and maxillofacial surgery and neurology. Therefore, collaboration among these departments is very important.

Schlüsselwörter

Oromandibuläre Dystonie - Behandlung - Botulinum-Toxin - Chirurgie - Aufbissschiene

Key words

Oromandibular dystonia - Treatment - Botulinum toxin - Surgery - Occlusal splint

Publication History

Received: 10 November 2020

Accepted: 18 January 2021

Article published online:
24 February 2021

• Literatur

• 1 Oppenheim H. Über eine eigenartige Krampfkrankheit des kindlichen und jugendlichen Alters (Dysbasia lordotica progressiva, Dystonia musculorum deformans). Neurologie Centralblatt 1911; 30: 1090-1107.
• 2 Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB. et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus up date. Mov Disord 2013; 28: 863-873.
• 3 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie. Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. Diener HS, Weimar C. , Hrsg. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 2012. .
• 4 Marsden CD. The problem of adult-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia and other isolated dyskinesias in adult life (including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, dystonic writer’s cramp, and torticollis, or axial dystonia). Adv Neurol 1976; 14: 259-276.
• 5 Jankovic J, Ford J. Blepharosspasm and orofacial-cervical dystonia: Clinical and pharmacological findings in 100 patients. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 402-411.
• 6 Jankovic J. Blepharospasm and oromandibular-laryngeal-cervical dystonia: A controlled trial of botulinum A toxin therapy. Adv Neurol 1988; 50: 583-591.
• 7 Blitzer A, Brin M, Greene PE. et al. Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of oromandibular dystonia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989; 98: 93-97.
• 8 Brin MF, Blitzer A, Herman S. Oromandibular dystonia: Treatment of 96 patients with botulinum toxin type A. In: Jankovic J, Hallett M. , eds. Therapy with botulinum toxin. New York: Dekker; 1994: 429-435.
• 9 Yoshida K, Kaji R, Kubori T. et al. Muscle afferent block for the treatment of oromandibular dystonia. Mov Disord 1998; 13: 699-705.
• 10 Tan EK, Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin A in patients with oromandibular dystonia long-term follow-up. Neurol 1999; 53: 2102-2107.
• 11 Laskawi R, Rohrbach S. Oromandibuläre Dystonien Klinische Formen, Diagnostik und Therapiebeispiele mit Botulinum Toxin. Laryngo Rhino Otol 2001; 80: 708-713.
• 12 Yoshida K, Kaji R, Shibasaki H. et al. Factors influencing the therapeutic effect of muscle afferent block for oromandibular dystonia and dyskinesia: implications for their distinct pathophysiology. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 31: 499-505.
• 13 Sinclair CF, Gurey LE, Blitzer A. Oromandibular dystonia: long-term management with botulinum toxin. Laryngoscope 2013; 123: 3078-3083.
• 14 Bakke M, Larsen BM, Dalager T. et al. Oromandibular dystonia–functional and clinical characteristics: a report on 21 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115: e21-e6.
• 15 Yoshida K. Sensory trick splint as a multimodal therapy for oromandibular dystonia. J Prosthodont Res 2018; 62: 239-244.
• 16 Yoshida K. Multilingual website and cyberconsultations for oromandibular dystonia. Neurol Int 2018; 10: 7536.
• 17 Comella CL. Systematic review of botulinum toxin treatment for oromandibular dystonia. Toxicon 2018; 147: 96-99.
• 18 Yoshida K. Oromandibular dystonia screening questionnaire for differential diagnosis. Clin Oral Invest 2019; 23: 405-411.
• 19 Jankovic J, Brin MF. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. New Engl J wMed 1991; 324: 1186-1194.
• 20 Laskawi R. The use of botulinum toxin in head and face medicine: an interdisciplinary field. Head Face Med 2008; 4: 5. DOI: 10.1186/1746-160X-4-5.
• 21 Truong DD, Stenner A, Reichel G. Current clinical applications of botulinum toxin. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15: 3671-3680.
• 22 Albanese A, Asmus F, Bhatia KP. et al. EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias. Eur J Neurol 2010; 18: 5-18.
• 23 Hallett M, Albanese A, Dressler D. et al. Evidence-based review and assessment of botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders. Toxicon 2013; 67: 94-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.12.004.
• 24 Jankovic J. An update on new and unique uses of botulinum toxin in movement disorders. Toxicon 2018; 147: 84-88.
• 25 Societas Neurologica Japonica. Practical guideline for dystonia 2018. Tokyo: Nankodo; 2018
• 26 Tan EK, Jankovic J. Tardive and idiopathic oromandibular dystonia: a clinical comparison. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68: 186-190.
• 27 Sankhla C, Lai EC, Jankovic J. Peripherally induced oromandibular dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65: 722-728.
• 28 Yoshida K. Clinical and phenomelogical characteristics of patients with task-specific lingual dystonia: possible association with occupation. Front Neurol 2017; 8: 649.
• 29 Nutt JG, Muenter MD, Aronson A. et al. Epidemiology of focal and generalized dystonia in Rochester, Minnesota. Mov Disord 1988; 3: 188-194. DOI: 10.1002/mds.870030302.
• 30 Müller U. The monogenic primary dystonias. Brain 2009; 132: 2005-2025.
• 31 Konkiewitz C. Epidemiologie der Dystonie in München. Dissertation,. TU München; 2001: 1-51.
• 32 Neychev VK, Gross RE, Lehéricy S. et al. The functional neuroanatomy of dystonia. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 42: 185-201.
• 33 Shakkottai VG, Batla A, Bhatia K. et al. Current opinions and areas of consensus on the role of the cerebellum in dystonia. Cerebellum 2017; 16: 577-594.
• 34 Miyamoto R, Sumikura H, Takeuchi T. et al. Autopsy case of severe generalized dystonia and static ataxia with marked cerebellar atrophy. Neurology 2015; 85: 1522-1524.
• 35 Zhao Y, Sharma N, LeDoux MS. The DYT1 carrier state increases energy demand in the olivocerebellar network. Neuroscience 2011; 177: 183-194.
• 36 Calderon DP, Fremont R, Kraenzlin F. et al. The neural substrates of rapid-onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Nat Neurosci 2011; 14: 357-365.
• 37 Yoshida K, Kaji R, Kohara N. et al. Movement-related cortical potentials before jaw excursions in patients with oromandibular dystonia. Mov Disord 2003; 18: 94-100.
• 38 Yoshida K, Kaji R, Hamano T. et al. Cortical potentials associated with voluntary mandibular movements. J Dent Res 2000; 79: 1514-1518.
• 39 Yoshida K, Iizuka T. Contingent negative variation for voluntary mandibular movements in humans. J Oral Rehabil 2005; 32: 871-879.
• 40 Yoshida K, Maezawa H, Nagamine T. et al. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields to air-puff on the soft palate. Neurosci Res 2006; 55: 116-122.
• 41 Maezawa H, Yoshida K, Nagamine T. et al. Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields following the tongue stimulation using needle electrodes. Neurosci Res 2008; 62: 131-139.
• 42 Yoshida K, Suzuki K, Shirai Y. et al. Brain activity in oromandibular dystonia assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy. J Dent Res 2010; 89: 2787.
• 43 Maezawa H, Yoshida K, Matsuhashi M. et al. Evaluation of tongue sensory disturbance by somatosensory evoked magnetic fields following tongue stimulation. Neurosci Res 2011; 71: 244-250.
• 44 Kornhuber HH, Deecke L. Hirnpotentialänderungen bei Willkürbewegungen und passive Bewegungen des Menschen: Bereitschaftspotential und reafferente Potentiale. Pflügers Arch Ges Physiol 1965; 284: 1-17.
• 45 Deuschl G, Toro C, Matsumoto J. et al. Movement-related cortical potentials in writer’s cramp. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 862-868.
• 46 Yoshida K. Unwillkürliche Bewegungen der Mund- und Kieferregion. https: / /sites.google.com/site/oromandibulaeredystonie/
• 47 Marras C, Lang A, van de Warrenburg BP. et al. Nomenclature of genetic movement disorders: Recommendations of the international Parkinson and movement disorder society task force. Mov Disord 2016; 31: 436-457.
• 48 Miyazaki Y, Sako W, Asanuma K. et al. Efficacy of zolpidem for dystonia: Among different subtypes. Front Neurol 2012; 3: 1-4.
• 49 Kerner J. Vergiftung durch verdorbene Wurste. Tübinger Blätter F Naturwissensch U Arzneykunde 1817; 3: 1-25.
• 50 Van Ermengem E. Über eine neuen anaeroben Bacillus und seine Beziehungen zum Botulismus. Z Hyg Infektionskrankh 1897; 26: 1-56.
• 51 Scott AB. Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery. Opthalmol 1980; 87: 1044-1049.
• 52 Ravenni R, De Grandis D, Mazza A. Conversion ratio between Dysport and Botox in clinical practice: An overview of available evidence. Neurol Sci 2013; 34: 1043-1048.
• 53 Scaglione F. Conversion ratio between Botox, Dysport, and Xeomin in clinical practice. Toxins 2016; 8: 65.
• 54 Jankovic J. Botulinum toxin: State of the art. Mov Disord 2017; 32: 1131-1138.
• 55 Jankovic J, Orman J. Botulinum A toxin for cranial-cervical dystonia: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 1987; 37: 616-623.
• 56 Jankovic J, Schwartz K, Donovan DT. Botulinum toxin treatment of cranialcervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53: 633-639.
• 57 Hermanowicz N, Truong DD. Treatment of oromandibular dystonia with botulinum toxin. Laryngoscope 1991; 101: 1216-1218.
• 58 Charous SJ, Comella CL, Fan W. Jaw-opening dystonia: Quality of life after botulinum toxin injections. Ear Nose Throat J 2011; 90: E9.
• 59 Teemul TA, Patel R, Kanatas A. et al. Managementof oromandibular dystonia with botulinum A toxin: A series of cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54: 1080-1084.
• 60 Yoshida K. How do I inject botulinum toxin into the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles?. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2016; 4: 285.
• 61 Yoshida K. Computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing-derived needle guide for injection of botulinum toxin into the lateral pterygoid muscle in patients with oromandibular dystonia. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2018; 32: e13-21.
• 62 Yoshida K. Botulinum neurotoxin therapy for lingual dystonia using an individualized injection method based on clinical features. Toxins 2019; 11: 51.
• 63 Liljestrand G, Magnus R. Über die Wirkung des Novocains auf den normalen und den tetanusstarren Skelettmuskel und über die Entstehung der lokalen Muskelstarre beim Wundstarrkrampf. Pflügers Arch Physiol 1919; 176: 168-208.
• 64 Walshe F. Observations on the nature of the muscular rigidity of paralysis agitans, and its relationship to tremor. Brain 1924; 47: 159-177.
• 65 Kaji R, Rothwell JC, Katayama M. et al. Tonic vibration reflex and muscle afferent block in writer’s cramp. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 155-162.
• 66 Kaji R, Kohara N, Katayama M. et al. Muscle afferent block by intramuscular injection of lidocaine for the treatment of writer’s cramp. Muscle Nerve 1995; 18: 234-235.
• 67 Armstrong C, Binstock L. The effect of several alcohols on the properties of the squid giant axon. J Gen Physiol 1965; 48: 265-277.
• 68 Yoshida K. Muskelafferentzblockierung in der Behandlung der oromandibulären Dystonie -Unterschiedliche Wirkung auf Kau- und Zungenmuskulatur-. Nervenarzt 2003; 74: 516-522.
• 69 Yoshida K, Kaji R, Kubori T. et al. Muskelafferenzblockierung mittels lokaler Injektion von Lidocain bei Kaumuskelspasmus. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1998; 53: 197-199.
• 70 Mezaki T, Matsumoto S, Sakamoto T. et al. Cervical echomyography in cervical dystonia and its application to the monitoring for muscle afferent block (MAB). Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2000; 40: 689-693.
• 71 Fujimoto K. Dropped head in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 2006; 253 (Suppl 7): VII21-26.
• 72 Rosales RL. X-linked dystonia parkinsonism: Clinical phenotype, genetics and therapeutics. J Mov Disord 2010; 3: 32-38.
• 73 Rosales RL, Santos MM, Ng AR. et al. The broadening application of chemodenervation in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (Part I): Muscle afferent block versus botulinum toxin-A in cervical and limb dystonias. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121 (Suppl 1): 35-43.
• 74 Oyama G, Hayashi A, Mizuno Y. et al. Mechanism and treatment of dropped head syndrome associated with parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009; 15: 181-186.
• 75 Kubota K, Masegi T. Muscle spindle supply to the human jaw muscle. J Dent Res 1977; 56: 901-907.
• 76 De Meyer M, Vereecke L, Bottenberg P. et al. Oral appliances in the treatment of oromandibular dystonia: A systematic review. Acta Neurol Belg 2020; 120: 831-836.
• 77 Oprişiu C, Cosma D. The experience of the maxillofacial surgery clinic of Cluj concerning the treatment of restricted function of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1959; 12: 77-82.
• 78 Azaz B, Zeltser R, Nitzan DW. Pathoses of coronoid process as a cause of mouth-opening restrictions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 77: 579-584.
• 79 McLoughlin PM, Hopper C, Bowley NB. Hyperplasia of the mandibular coronoid process: An analysis of 31 cases and a review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53: 250-255.
• 80 Murakami K, Yokoe Y, Yasuda S. et al. Prolonged mandibular hypomobility patient with a “square mandible” configuration with coronoid process and angle hyperplasia. J Craniomand Pract 2000; 18: 113-119.
• 81 Yoda T, Sato T, Abe T. et al. Long-term results of surgical therapy for masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis hyperplasia accompanied by limited mouth opening. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38: 1143-1147.
• 82 Wenghoefer M, Martini M, Anwander T. et al. Hyperplasie des Processus coronoideus: Diagnose und Therapie. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 2006; 10: 409-414.
• 83 Mulder CH, Kalaykova SI, Gortzak RAT. Coronoid process hyperplasia: A systematic review of the literature from 1995. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41: 1483-1489.
• 84 Yoshida K. Coronoidotomy as treatment for trismus due to jaw-closing oromandibular dystonia. Mov Disord 2006; 21: 1028-1031.
• 85 Yoshida K. Surgical intervention for oromandibular dystonia-related limited mouth opening: Long-term follow-up. J Cranio Maxillofac Surg 2017; 45: 56-62.
• 86 Yoshida K. Mouth opening retaining appliance after coronoidotomy for the treatment of trismus: Effects on pain during postoperative training and maximal extent of mouth opening. Clin Surg 2020; 5: 2737.
• 87 Mohanty S, Kohli S, Dabas J. et al. Fate of the coronoid processafter coronoidotomy and its effect on the interincisal opening: A clinical and radiologic assessment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75: 1263-1273.
• 88 Ostrem JL, Marks Jr. WJ, Volz MM. et al. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cranial-cervical dystonia (Meige syndrome). Mov Disord 2007; 22: 1885-1891.
• 89 Schrader C, Benecke R, Deuschl G. et al. Tiefe Hirnstimulation bei Dystonie. Nervenarzt 2009; 80: 656-661.
• 90 Lyons MK, Birch BD, Hillman RA. et al. Long-term follow-up of deep brain stimulation for Meige syndrome. Neurosurg Focus 2010; 29: E5.
• 91 Blitzer A, Brin MF, Fahn S. Botulinum toxin injections for lingual dystonia. Laryngoscope 1991; 101: 799.
• 92 Schneider SA, Aggarwal A, Bhatt M. et al. Severe tongue protrusion dystonia Clinical syndromes and possible treatment. Neurol 2006; 67: 940-943.
• 93 Esper CD, Freeman A, Factor SA. Lingual protrusion dystonia: frequency, etiology and botulinum toxin therapy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 16: 438-441.
• 94 Nastasi L, Mostile G, Nicoletti A. et al. Effect of botulinum toxin treatment on quality of life in patients with isolated lingual dystonia and oromandibular dystonia affecting the tongue. J Neurol 2016; 263: 1702-1708.
• 95 Daelen B, Thorwirth V, Koch A. Neurogene Kiefergelenkluxation Definition und Therapie mit Botulinumtoxin. Nervenarzt 1997; 68: 346-350.
• 96 Yoshida K. Botulinum neurotoxin injection for the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation with and without neurogenic muscular hypertrophy. Toxins 2018; 10: 174.
• 97 Yoshida K. Elektromyographische Aktivität des M. pterygoideus lateralis bei Patienten mit Kiefergelenkknacken und Diskusverlagerung. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1995; 50: 721-724.
• 98 Yoshida K. Eigenschaften der Kaumuskelaktivität während verschiedenen Unterkieferbewegungen bei Patienten mit Diskusverlagerung ohne Reposition. Stomatologie 1999; 96: 107-121.
• 99 Adachi B. Das Arteriensystem der Japaner. vol. 1. Kyoto, Japan: Kyoto University; 1928: 85-96.
• 100 Yoshida K. Clinical characteristics of functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system. Front Neurol 2020; 11: 123.
• 101 Yoshida K. Development and validation of a disease-specific oromandibular dystonia rating scale (OMDRS). Front Neurol 2020; 11: 583177.