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DOI: 10.1055/a-2577-5181
3D-gedruckte Schablonen für Physician-modified Endografts – aktuelle Konzepte und neue Workflows
3D-Printed Templates for Physician Modified Endografts – Current Concepts and New Workflows
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Therapie komplexer Bauchaortenaneurysmata kommen fenestrierte oder gebranchte Prothesen zur Anwendung. Bei langen Lieferzeiten für individualisierte Prothesen werden in dringenden Fällen „Physician-modified Endografts“ (PMEG) eingesetzt. Bei dieser Technik werden die genauen Lokalisationen der Fenestrierungen am Computertomografiedatensatz des Patienten ausgemessen, manuell vom Operateur auf die 3-dimensionale Oberfläche der Prothese übertragen und die Fenestrierungen entsprechend in die Endoprothese geschnitten. Dieser Prozess ist stark von der Erfahrung des Operateurs abhängig. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Prozesse der Modifizierung und stellt einen neuen, vereinfachten Workflow vor, um eine Schablone zur Modifizierung innerhalb von 12 h nach Erhalt des CT-Datensatzes herzustellen.
Material und Methoden
Präoperative CT-Datensätze dienten als Grundlage zur Entwicklung der patientenspezifischen Schablonen. Die 3-dimensionalen, individualisierten Schablonen sollten mit einem transparenten Material additiv gefertigt werden und über die Standardrohrprothesen gelegt werden. Durch die Transparenz des Materials und die Möglichkeit der Rotation der Prothese innerhalb der Schablone sollte die optimale Position der Fenestrierungen auf der Prothese erfahrungsunabhängig gefunden werden.
Ergebnisse
Anhand von CT-Daten (n = 22) wurden patientenspezifische Schablonen zur Modifikation von Prothesen entwickelt und additiv gefertigt. Für jedes Schablonendesign konnte der Segmentierungs-, Konstruktions- und additive Fertigungsprozess innerhalb von 12 h in einem standardisierten Herstellungsverfahren realisiert werden. Materialtransparenz, Schablonendesign sowie ein einfaches Handling der Schablonen ermöglichten erfahrungsunabhängig die Positionierung der Fenestrierungen. Schlecht auflösende CT-Datensätze, extreme Kurvaturen oder Winkel der Aorta galten als Ausschlusskriterium.
Schlussfolgerung
Die patientenspezifischen Schablonen konnten innerhalb von 12 h in einem standardisierten Verfahren mit einfachem Entwicklungsprozess erstellt werden. Die transparenten Schablonen stellen einen weiteren Schritt in Richtung patientenindividuelle Medizin dar.
Abstract
Background
Fenestrated or branded prostheses are used to treat complex abdominal aortic aneurysms. In urgent cases, “Physician-modified endografts” (PMEG) are used when delivery times for customised prostheses are long. In this technique, the distances between the fenestrations are measured on the patient’s computer tomography data set, manually transferred to the three-dimensional surface of the prosthesis by the surgeon and the fenestrations are cut into the endoprosthesis accordingly. This process is highly dependent on the surgeon’s experience. This paper provides an overview of current modification processes and presents a new, simplified workflow to produce a template for modification within 12 hours of receiving the CT data set.
Material and Methods
Preoperative CT data sets served as the basis for the development of the patient-specific templates. The three-dimensional, individualised templates were to be additively manufactured using a transparent material and placed over the standard tubular prostheses. Due to the transparency of the material and the possibility of rotating the prosthesis within the template, the optimal position of the fenestrations on the prosthesis was to be found independently of experience.
Results
Patient-specific templates for modifying prostheses were developed and additively manufactured using CT data (n = 22). For each template design, the segmentation, design and additive manufacturing process could be completed within 12 hours in a standardised manufacturing process. Material transparency, template design and easy handling of the templates permitted the positioning of the fenestrations regardless of experience. Low-resolution CT data sets, extreme curvatures or angles of the aorta were considered exclusion criteria.
Conclusion
The patient-specific templates could be created within 12 hours using a standardised procedure with a simple development process. The transparent templates are a further step towards patient-specific medicine.
Schlüsselwörter
Schablone - EVAR - additive Fertigung - Aortenaneurysma - Physician-modified EndograftPublication History
Received: 14 May 2024
Accepted after revision: 24 March 2025
Article published online:
16 May 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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