Schilddrüsenautoantikörper

Zusammenfassung

Zur Bestimmung der drei wichtigsten Schilddrüsenautoantikörper (SDAK) gegen Thyreoglobulin (TAK), den TSH-Rezeptor (TRAK) und die thyreoidale Peroxidase (TPOAK) stehen heute mehrere kommerziell verfügbare Assays zur Verfügung. Die weit verbreitete Messung dieser drei Parameter hat die autoimmunen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen (AITD) als die häufigsten Autoimmunerkrankungen überhaupt identifiziert. Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht einen Überblick über immunbiologische und epidemiologische Aspekte der SDAK und die zur Verfügung stehenden Testsysteme zu geben. Da in der letzten Dekade die Weiterentwicklung der TRAK-As­says­ das Hauptbetätigungsfeld der einschlägigen Arbeitsgruppen bildete, wird auf die TRAK und konsequenterweise auf den Morbus Basedow verstärkt eingegangen. Insgesamt soll der Fokus auf aktuell gesicherten Indikationen zur Bestimmung der SDAK in der klinischen Praxis liegen.

Abstract

Commercial assays to measure the three most important thyroid autoantibodies against thyroglobulin (TgAb), the TSH receptor (TRAb) and the thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) are now available. The widespread measurement of these three parameters has identified autoimmune thyroid dis­eases (AITD) as the most common autoimmune diseases. The present article tries to review immunobiological and epidemiological aspects as well as the available detection techniques. Since TRAb assays were most improved by named research groups in the last decade, TRAb and consequently Graves’ disease are reviewed in particular. Furthermore, current indications for thyroid autoantibody testing in clinical practice are supposed to be the focus.

Schlüsselwörter

Schilddrüsenautoantikörper - Basedow - Hashimoto - TRAK - Tg-AK - TPO-AK

Key words

thyroid autoantibodies - Graves’ disease - Hashimoto's disease - TRAb - TgAb - TPOAb

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