Das okuläre Surfactant-System und dessen Rolle bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen der Augenoberfläche

Zusammenfassung

Die Gewebe der Augenoberfläche und des Tränensystems unterliegen aufgrund ihres ständigen Kontakts mit der Umwelt einer Fülle von exogenen Einflüssen, wie Mikroorganismen oder pathogen assoziierten Molekülen. Ein funktionelles Abwehrsystem ist daher unerlässlich zur Vermeidung von Infektionen oder Erkrankungen des Auges und des Tränensystems. In den letzten Jahren konnten die 4 bislang bekannten Surfactant-Proteine (SP-A, -B, -C, -D) an der Augenoberfläche und im Tränenapparat nachgewiesen werden. Die Surfactant-Proteine besitzen in der Lunge lebensnotwendige immunologische und oberflächenaktive Funktionen, welche im Hinblick auf die Funktionalität und Stabilität des Tränenfilms eine bedeutende Rolle einnehmen könnten.

Abstract

The amphiphilic surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and C (SP-C) are tightly bound to phospholipids. These proteins play important roles in maintaining the surface tension-lowering properties of pulmonary surfactant. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are hydrophilic and are thought to have a role in recycling surfactant and, especially, in improving host defense in the lung. Moreover, SP-A supports the hydrophobic surfactant proteins B and during surfactant subtype assembly and inhibits the secretion of lamellar bodies into the alveolar space. During recent years surfactant proteins have also been detected at locations outside the lung such as the lacrimal apparatus. In this review, the latest information regarding SP function and regulation in the human lacrimal system, the tear film and the ocular surface is summarised with regard to dry eye, rheological and antimicrobial properties of the tear film, tear outflow, certain disease states and possible therapeutic perspectives.

Schlüsselwörter

Surfactant-Proteine - Augenoberfläche - Tränenfilm - Tränenapparat

Key words

surfactant proteins - ocular surface - tear film - lacrimal apparatus

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