Lubna Pal, M.B.B.S., M.R.C.O.G., M.S.

We have addressed the menopause before, most recently on the brain and cardiovascular system. This issue focuses on the pathophysiology symptoms in various ethnic groups as well as bone and metabolic complications. I was pleased to recruit Dr. Lubna Pal as guest editor, a recognized expert in this field.

Dr. Pal is a graduate of Dow Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan. She received her initial postgraduate training in the United Kingdom (she is a member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists), followed by a fellowship in reproductive endocrinology and infertility at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; a residency in obstetrics and gynecology at Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; and a fellowship in reproductive endocrinology and infertility at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York. From 2003 to 2007 she was an assistant professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center in New York as an assistant professor. She was a recipient of the NIH-K12 Mentored Clinical Researcher Award and earned a master's degree in clinical research methods from Yeshiva University in 2006.

She is currently an associate professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at the Yale University School of Medicine. Her areas of clinical expertise include infertility, menopause, osteoporosis, reproductive dysfunction of obesity, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Her clinical research interests focus on reproductive aging and its multisystem implications, with a specific focus on bone health, PCOS, and the implications of vitamin D status on reproductive physiology and health.