The Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Childhood Growth Patterns from Birth to 3 Years of Age

Rachel Zabaneh; Lynne M. Smith; Linda L. LaGasse; Chris Derauf; Elana Newman; Rizwan Shah; Amelia Arria; Marilyn Huestis; William Haning; Arthur Strauss; Sheri Della Grotta; Lynne M. Dansereau; Hai Lin; Charles Neal; Barry M. Lester

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1285094

American Journal of Perinatology, Table of Contents

Am J Perinatol 2012; 29(03): 203-210
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1285094

Original Article

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Childhood Growth Patterns from Birth to 3 Years of Age

Authors

Rachel Zabaneh

¹Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
Lynne M. Smith

¹Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
Linda L. LaGasse

²Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Chris Derauf

³John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
Elana Newman

⁴Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma
Rizwan Shah

⁵Blank Hospital Regional Child Protection Center–Iowa Health, Des Moines, Iowa
Amelia Arria

⁶Center for Substance Abuse Research (CESAR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
Marilyn Huestis

⁷Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
William Haning

³John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
Arthur Strauss

⁸Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, California
Sheri Della Grotta

²Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Lynne M. Dansereau

²Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Hai Lin

²Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Charles Neal

³John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
Barry M. Lester

²Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

Abstract

We examined the effects of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure on growth parameters from birth to age 3 years. The 412 subjects included (n = 204 exposed) were enrolled at birth in the Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle study, a longitudinal study assessing the effects of prenatal MA exposure on childhood outcomes. Individual models were used to examine the effects of prenatal MA exposure on weight, head circumference, height, and weight-for-length growth trajectories. After adjusting for covariates, height trajectory was lower in the exposed versus the comparison children (p = 0.021) over the first 3 years of life. Both groups increased height on average by 2.27 cm per month by age 3 years. In term subjects, MA exposure was also associated with a lower height trajectory (p = 0.034), with both the exposed and comparison groups gaining 2.25 cm per month by age 3 years. There was no difference in weight, head circumference, or weight-for-length growth trajectories between the comparison and the exposed groups. Children exposed prenatally to MA have a modest decrease in height growth trajectory during the first 3 years of life with no observed difference in weight, head circumference, or weight-for-length trajectories.

Keywords

height - antenatal - drug - amphetamine

Full Text

References

References
1 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Summary of findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Office of Applied Studies, NHSDA Series H-13, DHHS Publication No. (SMA)01-3549. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001
2 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-30, DHHS Publication No. (SMA)06-4194. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006
3 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Preliminary Results from the 1997 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1998
4 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. NSDUH Series H-34, Publication No. (SMA)01-4343. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008
5 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Highlights—2007 National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. OAS Series #S-45, Publication No. (SMA) 09–4360. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009
6 Arria AM, Derauf C, Lagasse LL , et al. Methamphetamine and other substance use during pregnancy: preliminary estimates from the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) study. Matern Child Health J 2006; 10: 293-302
7 Della Grotta S, LaGasse LL, Arria AM , et al. Patterns of methamphetamine use during pregnancy: results from the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) Study. Matern Child Health J 2010; 14: 519-527
8 Acuff-Smith KD, Schilling MA, Fisher JE, Vorhees CV. Stage-specific effects of prenatal d-methamphetamine exposure on behavioral and eye development in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1996; 18: 199-215
9 Plessinger MA. Prenatal exposure to amphetamines. Risks and adverse outcomes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1998; 25: 119-138
10 Martin JC. Effects on offspring of chronic maternal methamphetamine exposure. Dev Psychobiol 1975; 8: 397-404
11 Martin JC, Martin DC, Radow B, Sigman G. Growth, development and activity in rat offspring following maternal drug exposure. Exp Aging Res 1976; 2: 235-251
12 Slamberová R, Pometlová M, Charousová P. Postnatal development of rat pups is altered by prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006; 30: 82-88
13 Oro AS, Dixon SD. Perinatal cocaine and methamphetamine exposure: maternal and neonatal correlates. J Pediatr 1987; 111: 571-578
14 Smith L, Yonekura ML, Wallace T, Berman N, Kuo J, Berkowitz C. Effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on fetal growth and drug withdrawal symptoms in infants born at term. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2003; 24: 17-23
15 Eriksson M, Jonsson B, Steneroth G, Zetterström R. Cross-sectional growth of children whose mothers abused amphetamines during pregnancy. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83: 612-617
16 Eriksson M, Zetterström R. Amphetamine addiction during pregnancy: 10-year follow-up. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1994; 404: 27-31
17 Cernerud L, Eriksson M, Jonsson B, Steneroth G, Zetterström R. Amphetamine addiction during pregnancy: 14-year follow-up of growth and school performance. Acta Paediatr 1996; 85: 204-208
18 Smith LM, LaGasse LL, Derauf C , et al. The infant development, environment, and lifestyle study: effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure, polydrug exposure, and poverty on intrauterine growth. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 1149-1156
19 Nguyen D, Smith LM, Lagasse LL , et al. Intrauterine growth of infants exposed to prenatal methamphetamine: results from the infant development, environment, and lifestyle study. J Pediatr 2010; 157: 337-339
20 Alexander GR, Himes JH, Kaufman RB, Mor J, Kogan M. A United States national reference for fetal growth. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 163-168
21 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. CDC Growth Charts: United States. 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/ . Accessed June 18, 2010
22 Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS , et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11 2002; 2002: 1-190
23 Osborne JW. Power analysis for multivariate and repeated measurements designs via SPSS: correction and extension of D'Amico, Neilands, and Zambarano (2001). Behav Res Methods 2006; 38: 353-354
24 Williams MT, Moran MS, Vorhees CV. Behavioral and growth effects induced by low dose methamphetamine administration during the neonatal period in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2004; 22: 273-283
25 Covington CY, Nordstrom-Klee B, Ager J, Sokol R, Delaney-Black V. Birth to age 7 growth of children prenatally exposed to drugs: a prospective cohort study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2002; 24: 489-496
26 Minnes S, Robin NH, Alt AA , et al. Dysmorphic and anthropometric outcomes in 6-year-old prenatally cocaine-exposed children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006; 28: 28-38
27 Lumeng JC, Cabral HJ, Gannon K, Heeren T, Frank DA. Pre-natal exposures to cocaine and alcohol and physical growth patterns to age 8 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2007; 29: 446-457
28 Judge TA, Cable DM. The effect of physical height on workplace success and income: preliminary test of a theoretical model. J Appl Psychol 2004; 89: 428-441
29 Pollet TV, Nettle D. Taller women do better in a stressed environment: height and reproductive success in rural Guatemalan women. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20: 264-269
30 Kilgore BS, Dickinson LC, Burnett CR, Lee J, Schedewie HK, Elders MJ. Alterations in cartilage metabolism by neurostimulant drugs. J Pediatr 1979; 94: 542-545
31 Ganapathy VV V, Prasad PD, Ganapathy ME, Leibach FH. Drugs of abuse and placental transport. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1999; 38: 99-110
32 Nordstrom-Klee B, Delaney-Black V, Covington C, Ager J, Sokol R. Growth from birth onwards of children prenatally exposed to drugs: a literature review. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2002; 24: 481-488
33 Day NL, Robles N, Richardson G , et al. The effects of prenatal alcohol use on the growth of children at three years of age. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1991; 15: 67-71
34 Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. Growth from birth to early adolescence in offspring prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1999; 21: 513-525
35 Fried PA, James DS, Watkinson B. Growth and pubertal milestones during adolescence in offspring prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2001; 23: 431-436
36 Fried PA, O'Connell CM. A comparison of the effects of prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and caffeine on birth size and subsequent growth. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1987; 9: 79-85
37 Barker DJ, Osmond C, Simmonds SJ, Wield GA. The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life. BMJ 1993; 306: 422-426
38 Strauss RS, Dietz WH. Growth and development of term children born with low birth weight: effects of genetic and environmental factors. J Pediatr 1998; 133: 67-72
39 Wingerd J, Schoen EJ. Factors influencing length at birth and height at five years. Pediatrics 1974; 53: 737-741