Rectal perforation due to benign stricture caused by rectal burns associated with hot coffee enemas

A 27-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of lower abdominal and anal pain, developed several minutes after a hot coffee enema to relieve constipation. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed marked wall thickening in the entire rectum and surrounding fluid collection that suggested severe necrotic mucosal change ([Fig. 1]). Sigmoidoscopy showed necrotic mucosal lesions with hemorrhage and exudates in the rectum ([Fig. 2]). She recovered with supportive treatment, and follow-up sigmoidoscopy showed benign stricture and ulcer scars ([Fig. 3]). On the 46^th clinical day, the patient revisited the emergency department for terrible abdominal pain that had suddenly developed during straining and bowel movements. She was diagnosed with rectal perforation and peritonitis on the basis of CT scans. Laparoscopy revealed a 4-cm perforation of the upper rectum with fecal soilage ([Fig. 4]). Primary repair and temporary colostomy was performed. On the 130^th clinical day, she was asymptomatic and sigmoidoscopy showed scarring with mild stricture ([Fig. 5]). Finally, she was discharged in satisfactory condition after a colostomy take-down procedure.

Fig. 1 Computed tomography (CT) images of the abdomen and pelvis show marked edematous wall thickening in the entire rectum and surrounding fluid collection consistent with rectal burns.

Fig. 2 Sigmoidoscopy shows necrotic mucosal lesions with hemorrhage and thick exudates in the rectum. Mucosal lesions caused by rectal burns are well demarcated from the surrounding normal rectal mucosa (arrows).

Fig. 3 Follow-up sigmoidoscopy shows benign stricture and healing-stage ulcers in the upper rectum.

Fig. 4 Laparoscopy shows 4-cm perforation (arrow) in the upper rectum.

Fig. 5 Follow-up sigmoidoscopy on the 130^th clinical day shows healed ulcers with scarring of the rectal mucosa of the upper rectum.

In alternative medicine, coffee enemas are used to treat various diseases, including cancer and constipation, without valid evidence of efficacy [1]. The potential complications of coffee enemas are not well known, but include rectal burns, proctocolitis, benign stricture, and even death [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. Recently, three cases of colorectal complications caused by coffee enema were reported, two cases of rectal burns by thermal injury [4] [5], and a third case of proctocolitis by chemical irritation [6]. To our knowledge, this is the first case of spontaneous rectal perforation from benign stricture caused by hot coffee enemas, and the first to outline the natural history of rectal burns associated with hot coffee enemas. This case suggests that coffee enemas may lead to serious complications and their use as an alternative medical treatment should be reconsidered.

Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_CPL_1AJ_2AH

Competing interests: None

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