Monopoli A, * Cotugno P, Palazzo G, Ditaranto N, Mariano B, Cioffi N, Ciminale F,
Nacci A. * Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Italy
Ullmann Homocoupling Catalysed by Gold Nanoparticles in Water and Ionic Liquid.
Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012;
354: 2777-2788
Key words
gold nanoparticles - Ullmann homocoupling - aryl iodides - β-bromostyrene
Significance
Gold nanoparticles, generated in situ from Au(OAc)3 and glucose, catalyzed the Ullmann homocoupling of aryl iodides or β-bromostyrene
in aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) or in molten tetrabutylammonium acetate
(TBAOAc) at 90 °C to afford the corresponding coupling products in up to 98% yield
(10 examples) or in up to 96% yield (10 examples), respectively.
Comment
The gold nanoparticles were characterized with TEM, UV/Vis, DLS, and XPS. The particle
size of the nanoparticles was about 1 nm in aqueous TBAOH and 20 nm in TBAOAc, respectively.
The smaller nanoparticles showed higher catalytic activity because of their lager
surfaces.
