Das Miteinander im Gespräch bleiben – Partizipation in aphasischen Familiengesprächen

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Partizipationsmanagement in aphasischen Gesprächen, wie es – als Ausdruck der Adaptation an Aphasie – in familiären Kontexten zu beobachten ist. Er basiert auf authentischen Gesprächen, die 5 Familien während 1,5 Jahren ab Beginn der Aphasie im häuslichen Alltag aufgezeichnet haben. In diesen Gesprächen werden besondere, kollaborative Partizipationsstrukturen (Assistenz, Teamtalk, Duette, Moderationen und Coaching) geschaffen, in denen die Sprachgesunden an den Projekten der aphasischen Gesprächspartner mitwirken und so deren Beteiligung am Gespräch sichern. Dabei bewegen sich die Beteiligten in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Bestreben, gemeinsame Aktivitäten trotz Aphasie erfolgreich zu realisieren und face-bedrohender Bevormundung.

Gespräche sind in einem Leben mit Aphasie ein elementares, domänenübergreifend relevantes Partizipationsformat. Eine detaillierte Kenntnis der Bedingungen und Möglichkeiten des Partizipationsmanagements in aphasischen Gesprächen gehört zu den Grundlagen jeder Therapie, die das Gespräch und die Gesprächspartner im Fokus hat.

Abstract

This paper focuses on some aspects of participation in aphasic family conversations. It is based on authentic conversations in 5 families, video recorded at their homes within one and a half years from the time of onset of aphasia. These data were analyzed using Conversation Analysis.

The collaborative structures of participation observed, such as assistance, teamtalk, duetting, moderating and coaching, where conversational partners with normal speech engage in supporting the person with aphasia (PWA’s) projects, are adaptive strategies simultaneously aiming at communicative success and the inclusion of the PWA. However, in contrast to the normal conversational model of participation, collaborating participants have to find a balance between assuring participation of the aphasic partner in the conversation, achieving interactional success despite aphasia, and avoid face loss associated with paternalism. Conversations are a basic and pervasive format of participation, eminently significant in a life with aphasia. Detailed knowledge of the options and constraints of the management of participation in aphasic conversation is a prerequisite of therapy that focuses on conversation and communication partnerships.

Schlüsselwörter

Aphasie - Adaptation - Gespräche - Partizipation

Key words

aphasia - adaptation - conversation - participation

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