Screening for Developmental Disorders in 4 to 60 Months Old Children in Iran (2015–2016)

Abstract

Developmental delay occurs when children fail to reach their developmental milestones at the appropriate time. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental disorders as well as their correlations with selected demographic factors affecting development in children 4 to 60 months old in Khorramabad, Iran from 2015 to 2016. In this cross-sectional study, 500 children from 4 to 60 months of age and visiting health service centers were selected. Developmental status was measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, and supplementary data were collected by separate questionnaires. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software using the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Note that 8.6% of the children assessed in this study had developmental disorders. The mean age of the children in the normal group was 21.95 ± 16.42 months and in the developmental delay group was 16 ± 13.46 months. The highest prevalence of developmental delay was in the fine motor area (4.2%) and the lowest was in the personal–social area (1.4%). There were correlations between developmental disorder and the child's age (p = 0.006), birth order (p = 0.02), mother's education (p = 0.007), and father's education (p = 0.002). The parents' age, familial marriage, history of developmental disorders in the family, and the child's gender were not correlated with developmental disorders. Due to the high prevalence of developmental disorders and the importance of early identification and intervention, it is necessary to diagnose developmental disorders at early ages.

Keywords

Ages and Stages Questionnaire - children - developmental disorders - early ages

Funding

All funding was provided by the research center fund and disbursed appropriately.

• References

• 1 Correia MF, Maria AT, Prado S, Limbert C. Neonatal thyrotoxicosis caused by maternal autoimmune hyperthyroidism. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015: 2014-2016
• 2 Mardani M, Rezapour S, Ahmadipour S. , et al. Prevalence of anemia and its risk factors among pregnant women in Khorramabad (Iran) 2010-2014. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30 (07) 826-829
• 3 Zergani F, Roohizadeh R, Dayer MR. , et al. In silico study of global structure of human serum albumin. Int J Green Nanotechnol 2012; 4 (04) 511-515
• 4 Limbos MM, Joyce DP. Comparison of the ASQ and PEDS in screening for developmental delay in children presenting for primary care. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2011; 32 (07) 499-511
• 5 Santos RS, Araújo AP, Porto MA. Early diagnosis of abnormal development of preterm newborns: assessment instruments. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2008; 84 (04) 289-299
• 6 Council on Children with Disabilities; Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics; Bright Futures Steering Committee; Medical Home Initiatives for Children With Special Needs Project Advisory Committee. Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics 2006; 118 (01) 405-420
• 7 Rydz D, Srour M, Oskoui M. , et al. Screening for developmental delay in the setting of a community pediatric clinic: a prospective assessment of parent-report questionnaires. Pediatrics 2006; 118 (04) e1178-e1186
• 8 Wagner J, Jenkins B, Smith JC. Nurses' utilization of parent questionnaires for developmental screening. Pediatr Nurs 2006; 32 (05) 409-412
• 9 Mayson TA, Harris SR, Bachman CL. Gross motor development of Asian and European children on four motor assessments: a literature review. Pediatr Phys Ther 2007; 19 (02) 148-153
• 10 Vameghi R, Hatamizadeh N, Sajedi F, Shahshahanipoor S, Kazemnejad A. Production of a native developmental screening test: the Iranian experience. Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36 (03) 340-345
• 11 Levine DA. Guiding parents through behavioral issues affecting their child's health: the primary care provider's role. Ethn Dis 2006; 16 (02) (Suppl. 03) S3-S21 , 8
• 12 Schonhaut L, Armijo I, Schönstedt M, Alvarez J, Cordero M. Validity of the ages and stages questionnaires in term and preterm infants. Pediatrics 2013; 131 (05) e1468-e1474
• 13 Marks K, Hix-Small H, Clark K, Newman J. Lowering developmental screening thresholds and raising quality improvement for preterm children. Pediatrics 2009; 123 (06) 1516-1523
• 14 Hediger ML, Overpeck MD, Ruan WJ, Troendle JF. Birthweight and gestational age effects on motor and social development. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2002; 16 (01) 33-46
• 15 Sajedi F, Vameghi R, Mojembari AK, Habibollahi A, Lornejad H, Delavar B. Standardization and validation of the ASQ developmental disorders screening tool in children of Tehran city. Tehran Univ Med J 2012; 70 (07) 436-446
• 16 Alizadeh H, Andries C. Interaction of parenting styles and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Iranian parents. Child Fam Behav Ther 2002; 24 (03) 37-52
• 17 Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Kraskian Mojembari A, Habiollahi A, Lornezhad HR, Delavar B. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation and standardization of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) in Iranian children. Iran J Public Health 2013; 42 (05) 522-528
• 18 Piek JP, Dawson L, Smith LM, Gasson N. The role of early fine and gross motor development on later motor and cognitive ability. Hum Mov Sci 2008; 27 (05) 668-681
• 19 Kerstjens JM, Bos AF, ten Vergert EM, de Meer G, Butcher PR, Reijneveld SA. Support for the global feasibility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire as developmental screener. Early human development 2009; 85 (07) 443-447
• 20 Yang JW, Jang WS, Hong SD, Ji YI, Kim DH, Park J. , et al. A case-control association study of the polymorphism at the promoter region of the DRD4 gene in Korean boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: evidence of association with the—521 C/T SNP. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2008; 32 (01) 243-248
• 21 Amir Ali Akbari S, Montazeri S, Torabi F, Amiri S, Soleimani F, Alavi Majd H. Correlation between anthropometric indices at birth and developmental delay in children aged 4–60 months in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Gen Med 2012; 5: 683-687
• 22 Shahshahani S, Vameghi R, Azari N, Sajedi F, Kazemnejad A. Validity and Reliability Determination of Denver Developmental Screening Test–II in 0–6 Year—Olds in Tehran. Iranian journal of pediatrics 2010; 20 (03) 313
• 23 Shaahmadi F, Khushemehri G, Arefi Z, Karimyan A, Heidari F. Developmental Delay and Its Effective Factors in Children Aged 4 to12 Months. International Journal of Pediatrics 2015; 3 (1.1): 396-402
• 24 Torabi F, Akbari SAA, Amiri S, Soleimani F, Majd HA. Correlation between high-risk pregnancy and developmental delay in children aged 4–60 months. Libyan J Med 2012; 7 (01) DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v7i0.18811.
• 25 Soleimani F, Bajelan Z, Amir Ali Akbar S, Alavi Majd H. Correlation between anemia during delivery and developmental delay in children 12 months in Qazvin, Iran 2011–2012. Journal of Rehabilitation 2013; 13 (05) 66-72
• 26 Dorre F, Fattahi Bayat G. Evaluation of children's development (4–60mo) with history of NICU admission based on ASQ in Amir kabir Hospital, Arak. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences 2011; 11 (02) 143-150
• 27 Karami K, Abbasi L, Moridi F, Falah F, Bayat Z, Pourvakhshoori N. Evaluation criteria and factors associated with the development of one year old children in Khorramabad. J Pediatr Nurs 2015; 1 (03) 57-66