Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00035024.xml
Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 1998; 79(01): 150-154
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614235
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614235
Review Article
Presence of Two Plasminogen Alleles in Normal Populations
Further Information
Publication History
Received
28 January 1997
Accepted after resubmission
09 September 1997
Publication Date:
08 December 2017 (online)
Summary
When we compared nucleotide sequences of the 5’-flanking regions for plasminogen genes from 11 individuals, six substitutions were identified even among normal subjects. A new haplotype (termed allele II) was screened by PCR-RFLP analysis among 54 Japanese and 58 Caucasian normal subjects. The frequency of allele II was 0.787 in the Japanese and 0.560 in the Caucasians, indicating that the ratio of alleles differs between populations. Examination of 118 cases with dysplasminogenemia revealed that the Ala601-Thr mutation was present on allele I in most cases. This mutation was also associated with allele II in one-fourth of all cases, suggesting possible recombination within the plasminogen gene. Interestingly, we previously demonstrated that the expression activity of allele II was about 1.8 fold that of allele I in vitro.
-
References
- 1 Ichinose A. Multiple members of plasminogen-apolipoprotein(a) gene family associated with thrombosis. Biochemistry 1992; 31: 3113-8.
- 2 Petersen TE, Martzen MR, Ichinose A, Davie EW. Characterization of the gene for human plasminogen, a key proenzyme in the fibrinolytic system. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 6104-11.
- 3 Magnaghi P, Citterio E, Malgaretti N, Acquati F, Ottolenghi S, Taramelli R. Molecular characterization of the human apo(a)-plasminogen gene family clustered on the telomeric region of chromosome 6 (6q26-27). Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3: 437-42.
- 4 Ichinose A. Characterization of the Apolipoprotein(a) gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 209: 365-71.
- 5 Byrne CD, Lawn RM. Loss of splice donor site at a ‘skipped exon’ in a gene homologous to apolipoprotein(a) leads to an mRNA encoding a protein consisting of a single kringle domain. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 65-70.
- 6 Frank SL, Klisak I, Sparkes RS, Mohandas T, Tomlinson JE, McLean JW, Lawn RM, Lusis AJ. The apolipoprotein(a) gene resides on human chromosome 6q26-27, in close proximity to the homologous gene for plasminogen. Hem Genet 1988; 79: 352-6.
- 7 Utermann G. The mysteries of lipoprotein(a). Science 1989; 246: 904-10.
- 8 Miles LA, Plow EF. An interloper into the fibrinolytic system?. Thromb Haemost 1990; 63: 331-5.
- 9 Collen D, Lijnen HR. Basic and clinical aspects of fibrinolysis and thrombolysis. Blood 1991; 78: 3114-24.
- 10 Blasi F, Vassalli J-D, Dano K. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator: proenzyme, receptor, and inhibitors. J Cell Biol 1987; 104: 801-4.
- 11 Pollanen J, Stephens RW, Vaheri A. Directed plasminogen activation at the surface of normal and malignant cells. Adv Cancer Res 1991; 57: 273-328.
- 12 Saksela O, Rifkin DB. Cell-associated plasminogen activation: regulation and physiological functions. Ann Rev Cell Biol 1988; 4: 93-126.
- 13 Moonen G, Grau-Wagemans MP, Selak I. Plasminogen activator-plasmin system and neuronal migration. Nature 1982; 298: 753-5.
- 14 Girolami A, Sartori MT, Saggiorato G, Sgarabotto D, Patrassi GM. Symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients in congenital hypoplasminogenemia: a statistical analysis. Haematol 1994; 26: 59-65.
- 15 Tsutsumi S, Saito T, Sakata T, Miyata T, Ichinose A. Genetic Diagnosis of Dysplasminogenemia: Detection of an Ala601-Thr Mutation in 118 out of 125 Families and Identification of a New Asp676-Asn Mutation. Thromb Haemost 1996; 76: 135-8.
- 16 Ichinose A, Espling ES, Takamatsu J, Saito H, Shinmyozu K, Maruyama I, Petersen TE, Davie EW. Two types of abnormal genes for plasminogen in families with a predisposition for thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 115-9.
- 17 Ichinose A, Kuriyama M. Detection of Polymorphisms in the 5’-Flanking Region of the Gene for Apolipoprotein(a). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 209: 372-8.
- 18 Suzuki K, Kuriyama M, Ichinose A. Plasma Lp(a) levels and expression of the apolipoprotein(a) gene are dependent on the nucleotide polymorphisms in its 5’-flanking region. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 1361-6.
- 19 Kida M, Wakabayashi S, Ichinose A. Expression and induction by IL-6 of the normal and variant genes for human plasminogen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 230: 129-32.
- 20 Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, Scharf SJ, Higuchi R, Horn GT, Mullis KB, Erlich HA. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 1988; 239: 487-91.
- 21 Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-termination inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977; 74: 5463-8.
- 22 Biggin MD, Gibson TJ, Hong GF. Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 3963-5.
- 23 Ooe A, Tsutsumi S, Ichinose A. Identification of a new Asn676 mutation and screening for four types of abnormal plasminogen genes in normal individuals. Fibrinolysis. 1996 10. 28. (Abstract)
- 24 Li L, Kikuchi S, Arinami T, Hamaguchi H. Plasminogen with type-I mutation in the Chinese Han population. Clin Genet 1994; 45: 285-7.
- 25 Robbins KC, Boreisha IG, Godwin JE. Abnormal plasminogen Maywood I. Thromb Haemost 1991; 66: 575-80.
- 26 Tait RC, Walker ID, Conkie JA, Islam SIAM, McCall F, Mitchell R, Davidson JF. Plasminogen levels in healthy volunteers – Influence of age, sex, smoking and oral contraceptives. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 506-10.