Abstract
Background Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a unilateral or bilateral
congenital facial weakness with impairment of ocular movements. Poland syndrome is
an occasional disease defined as the unilateral absence of pectoralis major muscle
and ipsilateral syndactyly. As to, Poland–Moebius syndrome is a rare condition which
consists of assembly components of Poland and Moebius syndromes.
Patients and Methods Patient 1 is a 12-year-old male patient referred for evaluation of difficulties in
eye movements to the hospital. On admission, facial, abducens, trochlear, and oculomotor
cranial nerves involvement was determined in the neurological examination. His right
pectoralis major muscle was hypoplastic in the examination. Patient 2 is a 4-month-old
female patient who was admitted with restricted eye movements, weakness of crying,
and difficulty in swallowing. Neurological examination indicated facial, abducens,
trochlear, oculomotor, glossopharyngeal, and vagus cranial nerves involvement. Her
physical examination demonstrated hypoplastic left pectoralis major muscle and hypoplastic
left hand.
Results The biochemical laboratory studies, creatinine kinase levels, and tests for inborn
error of metabolism of both patients were normal. Chest X-ray studies revealed the
lack of muscle tissue development in the left pectoral region. Cranial magnetic resonance
imaging, echocardiography, and abdominal ultrasound were also normal.
Conclusion This report highlights two cases of Poland–Moebius syndrome in two patients of varying
age and clinical presentations, with a comprehensive review from the perspective of
pediatric neurology.
Keywords
Moebius syndrome - Poland syndrome - facial weakness - ophthalmoplegia
