J Pediatr Intensive Care 2022; 11(04): 321-326
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726092
Original Article

Is Early Extubation Associated with Better Outcomes After Neonatal Congenital Heart Disease Surgery?

1   Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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1   Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Early extubation (EE) of children after surgery (occurring within the operating room or ≤ 6 hours postadmission) for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been advocated to improve postoperative care. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes of neonates undergoing EE following CHD surgical repair with those extubated more than 6 hours after surgery. Retrospective cohort study utilizes data from the Virtual Pediatric Systems database. Data from neonates undergoing surgical repair for six common CHD lesions and admitted to 57 pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2015, were analyzed. A total of 1,274 neonates were analyzed; 100 (7.8%) had EE, and 146 (11.5%) were extubated > 6 hours but ≤ 24 hours. Most patients (80.4%) were extubated > 24 hours. The EE group had higher (p < 0.001) failed extubation rate than patients extubated at any other time; a multivariate analysis of linear regression showed no advantage in length of stay (LOS) of EE compared with those subjects who were extubated in the first 24 hours (p-value: 0.178). Extubation failure was found to impact ICU LOS in this analysis. The ICU LOS was increased by 3.5 days for every failed extubation attempt (p-value: <0.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.6–5.5 days). EE after CHD surgery is possible. Though it appears as an attractive option to decrease potential mechanical ventilation complications, this study of neonates shows that EE might result in worse outcomes than when performing extubation between 6 and 24 hours postoperatively.



Publication History

Received: 26 December 2020

Accepted: 29 January 2021

Article published online:
23 March 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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