Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2016; 37(12): 992-996
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108199
Orthopedics & Biomechanics
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Torque-angle-velocity Relationships and Muscle Performance of Professional and Youth Soccer Players

B. F. Mazuquin
1   Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
,
L. F. Dela Bela
2   Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
,
A. R. M. Pelegrinelli
2   Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
,
J.M. Dias
2   Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
,
R. L. Carregaro
3   Campus UnB Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
,
F. A. Moura
4   Physical Education and Sports Centre, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
,
J. Selfe
1   Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
,
J. Richards
1   Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
,
L. E. Brown
5   Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, United States
,
J. R. Cardoso
2   Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 29 April 2016

Publication Date:
01 August 2016 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Soccer matches consist of a variety of different activities, including repeated sprints. Time to attain velocity (TTAV), load range (LR) and the torque-angle-velocity relationship (TAV3D) represent an important measurement of muscle performance, however there are few related studies. The aim of this study was to compare these outcomes between soccer players of different age category. 17 professional (PRO) and 17 under-17 (U17) soccer players were assessed for concentric knee flexion/extension at 60, 120 and 300°/s. For the extensor muscles, differences were found in favor of the U17 group for TTAV and LR outcomes at 120°/s, however, the PRO group maintained higher torques in both movement directions in comparison to the U17 in TAV3D evaluation. These results suggest that muscle performance of the PRO group is more efficient than the U17 group.

Key word

biomechanics - isokinetic - knee - 3D surface mapping
 

  • References

  • 1 Anderson DE, Madigan ML, Nussbaum MA. Maximum voluntary joint torque as a function of joint angle and angular velocity: Model development and application to the lower limb. J Biomech 2007; 40: 3105-3113
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer: With special reference to intense physical exercise. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1994; 619: 1-155
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Biodex Medical System. Biodex multi-joint system. Isokinetic source book
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Brown LE, Whitehurst M, Findley BW. Reliability of rate of velocity development and phase measures of an isokinetic device. J Strength Cond Res 2005; 19: 189-192
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Brown LE, Whitehurst M, Gilbert R, Buchalter DN. The effect of velocity and gender on load range during knee extension and flexion exercise in an isokinetic device. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1995; 21: 107-112
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Cabri J, De Proft E, Dufour W, Clarys JP. The relation between muscular sthength and kick performance. 1st ed. London, UK: E & FN Spon; 1988
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Carvalho P, Cabri P. Isokinetic evaluation of the thigh muscles in soccer players. Rev Port Fisioter Desp 2007; 1: 4-13
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Chollet-Tourny C, Léger H, Beuret-Blanquart F. Isokinetic knee muscles strength of soccer players according to their position. Isokinet Exerc Sci 2000; 8: 187-193
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Chulani VL, Gordon LP. Adolescent growth and development. Prim Care 2014; 41: 465-487
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Cormie P, McGuigan MR, Newton RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power. Part 2 – training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Med 2011; 41: 125-146
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Cotte T, Chatard JC. Isokinetic strength and sprint times in English premier league football players. Biol Sport 2011; 28: 89-94
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Cunha R, Carregaro RL, Martorelli A, Vieira A, Oliveira AB, Bottaro M. Effects of short-term isokinetic training with reciprocal knee extensors agonist and antagonist muscle actions: A controlled and randomized trial. Braz J Phys Ther 2013; 17: 137-145
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner AG. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007; 39: 175-191
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Frey-Law LA, Laake A, Avin KG, Heitsman J, Marler T, Abdel-Malek K. Knee and elbow 3D strength surfaces: Peak torque-angle-velocity relationships. J Appl Biomech 2012; 28: 726-737
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Frisch A, Urhausen A, Seil R, Croisier JL, Windal T, Theisen D. Association between preseason functional tests and injury in youth football: a prospective follow-up. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21: e468-e476
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research: 2016 Update. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 1121-1124
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Herdy C, Alkimim R, Selfe J, Pedrinelli A. Isokinetic testing of athletes Brazilian U17, U20 and professional [abstract]. 22nd International Conference on Sports Rehabilitation and Traumatology: Football Medicine Strategies for muscle and tendon injuries. London, UK: 2013
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Hill AV. The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proc R Soc Biol 1938; 126: 612-745
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Houwelling TAW, Hamzeh MA. Does knee joint alignment with the axis of the isokinetic dynamometer affect peak torque?. Isokinet Exerc Sci 2010; 18: 217-221
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Katis A, Giannadakis E, Kannas T, Amiridis I, Kellis E, Lees A. Mechanisms that influence accuracy of soccer kick. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23: 125-131
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Kellis E, Galanis N, Kapetanos G, Natsis K. Architectural differences between the hamstring muscles. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012; 22: 520-526
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Khalaf KA, Parnianpour M, Karakostas T. Surface responses of maximum isokinetic ankle torque generation capability. J Appl Biomech 2000; 16: 52-59
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Le Gall FL, Laurent T, Rochcongar P. Évolution de la force musculaire des fléchisseurs et extenseurs du genou mesurée par dynamomètre isocinétique concentrique chez le footballeur de haut niveau. Sci Sport 1999; 14: 167-172
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Lehance C, Binet J, Bury T, Croisier JL. Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk in professional and junior elite soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 19: 243-251
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Lin PC, Robinson ME, Junior JC, O’Connor P. Detections of submaximal effort in isometric and isokinetic knee extension tests. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1996; 24: 19-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Malina RM, Cumming SP, Kontos AP, Eisenmann JC, Ribeiro B, Aroso J. Maturity-associated variation in sport-specific skills of youth soccer players aged 13–15 years. J Sports Sci 2005; 23: 515-522
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Newman MA, Tarpenninc K, Marino FE. Relationships between isokinetic knee strength, single-sprint performance, and repeated-sprint ability in football players. J Strength Cond Res 2004; 18: 867-872
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Ostenberg A, Roos E, Ekdahl C, Roos H. Isokinetic knee extensor strength and functional performance in healthy female soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1998; 8: 257-264
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Payne VG, Isaacs LD. Human motor development. A lifespan approach. 3rd ed. Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publishing Company; 1995
    Google Scholar
  • 30 Reilly T, Williams AM, Nevill A, Franks A. A multidisciplinary approach to talent identification in soccer. J Sports Sci 2000; 18: 695-702
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Schwartz FP, Bottaro M, Celes RC, Brown LE, Nascimento FAO. The influence of velocity overshoot movement artefact on isokinetic knee extension tests. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9: 140-146
    PubMedGoogle Scholar