Komplexe Entscheidungen im Gesundheitswesen: Die Bewertung und Saldierung von Nutzen und Schaden als Gegenstand der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsanalyse

Zusammenfassung

Verfahren der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsanalyse erlauben die Bewertung und Saldierung von Nutzen und Schaden unter der Berücksichtigung von Präferenzen. Im Gesundheitswesen können beispielsweise die Patienten- oder Expertenpräferenzen in Bezug auf verschiedene Nutzen-, Schaden- oder Anwendungsaspekte einer Gesundheitstechnologie im Entscheidungsprozess berücksichtigt werden. Mögliche Ansätze zur Abwägung von Nutzen und Schaden einer Gesundheitstechnologie bieten Methoden wie der Analytic Hierarchy Process oder das Discrete Choice Experiment. Diese und andere Methoden erlauben den Vergleich einzelner Alternativen auf Basis des Gesamtnutzens. Dabei werden verschiedenen Zielkriterien numerische Teilnutzenwerte zugewiesen, welche in ein Gesamtmaß des Nutzens überführt werden, um so den direkten Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Handlungsoptionen zu ermöglichen.

Abstract

Methods of multicriteria decision analysis allow the assessment and balancing of benefits and risks, under consideration of preferences. In health care the patient or expert preferences regarding various benefits, risks or application aspects of a health technology can be taken into account in the decision-making process. Possible methods for weighing the benefit and risks of a health technology are methods such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process or the Discrete Choice Experiment. These and other methods enable the comparison of individual alternatives on the basis of the overall benefit. Thereby, different target criteria are assigned by numerical partial values, which are converted into a total measure of the benefit to enable the direct comparison of the different options.

Schlüsselwörter

Multikriterielle Entscheidungsanalyse (MCDA) - Entscheidungen im Gesundheitswesen - Patientenpräferenzen - Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) - Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Key words

Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) - Decisions in Health Care - Patient preferences - Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) - Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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