Background and Study Aims: Early recurrent lesions occurring after surgery in Crohn's
disease may be the result of localized vasculitis. The aim of this study was use fluorescence
endoscopy to evaluate the mucosal microcirculation of the neoterminal ileum in relation
to endoscopic recurrence in patients who had undergone ileocolonic resection for Crohn's
disease.
Patients and Methods: Ten patients were prospectively enrolled in an endoscopic follow-up
study one year after surgery. Recurrence was assessed using routine and fluorescence
endoscopy. Biopsies were taken from fluorescent and nonfluorescent sites to look for
inflammation and mucosal vascular lesions using standard histological and immunohistochemical
methods.
Results: Endoscopic recurrence was found in eight patients. At fluorescence endoscopy,
the mucosa displayed a heterogeneous pattern, with fluorescent areas corresponding
to aphthoid ulcerations; fluorescent rims surrounding dark zones, corresponding to
stellar deep ulcers; and small bright spots distributed singly in the mucosa, which
appeared normal on routine endoscopy. Histology revealed inflammatory changes with
evidence of vascular involvement in 79 % of the biopsies taken from the fluorescent
spots.
Conclusions: Endoscopic recurrence in Crohn's disease is associated with fluorescent
aspects that may reflect vasodilation associated with inflammation, or genuine microvascular
lesions. Correlation with the histological findings suggests that these early vascular
lesions were secondary to the inflammatory process.
Abstract in French
Atteinte vasculaire précoce dans la maladie de Crohn: étude par endoscopie de fluorescence
Une vascularite localisée pourrait rendre compte des lésions initiales de récidive
de la maladie de Crohn après chirurgie. Cette étude avait pour but d'étudier par endoscopie
de fluorescence la microcirculation muqueuse de l'ileon pré-anastomotique, chez des
malades ayant eu une résection ileocolique droite pour une maladie de Crohn, relativement
à la récidive endoscopique. Dix malades ont été inclus dans un protocole prospectif
de suivi endoscopique un an après chirurgie. L'ileon préanastomotique était examiné
en endoscopie standard et en fluorescence. Des biopsies étaient réalisées en zones
fluorescentes et nonfluorescentes pour rechercher des lésions inflammatoires et vasculaires
en microscopie optique et en immunohistochimie.
Une récidive endoscopique a été observée chez huit malades. En fluorescence, la muqueuse
prenait un aspect hétérogène avec a) des zones fluorescentes correspondant aux lésions
aphtoïdes, b) des anneaux fluorescents centrant des zones sombres correspondant à
des ulcères plus profonds « en carte de géographie » et c) des petits spots brillants
dispersés sur la muqueuse normale en endoscopie standard. L'examen histologique des
biopsies des spots fluorescents a révélé sur 79% d'entre elles des altérations inflammatoires
intéressant les vaisseaux.
La récidive endoscopique de la maladie de Crohn est associée à des aspects fluorescents
qui peuvent rendre compte soit d'une vasodilatation associée à une inflammation soit
d'une authentique atteinte de la microvascularisation. L'étude histologique suggère
que les lésions vasculaires sont plutot secondaires à l'atteinte inflammatoire.
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M.D. MaunouryV.
Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif Hopital Huriez
59037 Lille
France
Phone: + 33-3-20 44 49 75
Email: vmaunoury@chru-lille.fr