Therapiestrategien beim Milztrauma

Zusammenfassung.

Die Diagnostik und Therapie von Milzverletzungen nach stumpfen Abdominaltraumen hat sich in den letzten Jahren geändert. Das konservative Vorgehen hat für die Therapiestrategie beim Milztrauma zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Erfolg wird entscheidend vom Schweregrad der Milzläsion, von der Hämodynamik des Patienten und den Begleitverletzungen bestimmt. Die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Ultraschall, Computertomographie und Angiographie werden dargestellt. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse und des klinischen Zustandes des Patienten folgen stadienadaptierte Therapievorschläge, vom konservativen Vorgehen über milzerhaltendene zu resezierenden Operationsverfahren. Um unnötige abdominelle Explorationen oder die Inzidenz von zweizeitigen Milzrupturen zu minimieren, liegt der Schlüssel zum Erfolg in der frühzeitigen Identifikation von Risikopatienten. Die Indikation zum Abwarten ist beim kreislaufstabilen Patienten mit geringer intraabdomineller Flüssigkeit und ohne Verletzung des Milzhilus gegeben. Hohes Lebensalter und Grad-I - III-Verletzungen stellen per se keine Operationsindikation dar.

Management of splenic trauma.

Diagnosis and therapy of blunt spleen trauma have changed during the last years with a non-operative approach being most prominently employed. However, the therapeutic success strongly depends on the extend of splenic lesions, hemodynamics and also concomitant injuries. The significance of currently applied diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound, computer tomography and angiography are discussed in detail. With regard of this and the clinical status of single patients, therapeutic recommendations are given, ranging from the conservative approach to splenorrhaphy and partial spleen-resection. Identification of risk patients will clearly minimize unnecessary abdominal explorations and the incidence of secondary spleen ruptures. The best treatment for hemodynamic stable patients without hilus laceration is non-operative. Moreover, age and low-grade injuries (I - III) do not automatically indicate a surgical intervention.

Schlüsselwörter:

Milztrauma - stumpfes Bauchtrauma - Milzruptur

Key words:

Splenic trauma - Blunt abdominal trauma - Splenic rupture

Literatur

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