Zusammenfassung
Im perioperativen Management nach chirurgischen Eingriffen ist die Vermeidung respiratorischer
Komplikationen ein wesentliches Ziel. Bei Versagen konservativer Behandlungsoptionen
kann gegebenenfalls wiederholte Bronchoskopie unter Spontanatmung zur Sekretdrainage
eingesetzt werden. Mit dem Ziel Effektivität und Sicherheit des Verfahrens zu ermitteln,
analysierten wir retrospektiv bei 39 Patienten 111 unter Spontanatmung durchgeführte
Bronchoskopien. Bei 31 Patienten wurden 98 Bronchoskopien bei therapierefraktärer
postoperativer Sekretretention mit ausschließlich therapeutischer Zielsetzung durchgeführt.
Bei 26 Patienten konnte eine Reintubation vermieden werden. Eine Aspiration unter
Bronchoskopie zwang zur Reintubation. Das Verfahren ist bei akzeptabler Sicherheit
geeignet, bei einer relevanten Anzahl von Patienten eine Reintubation aufgrund einer
bronchialen Sekretretention zu verhindern. Als relativ einfach zu erlernende Technik
sollte es in der Intensivmedizin breitere Anwendung finden.
Abstract
Prevention of respiratory complications is an essential part of perioperative management
after surgical procedures. When conservative methods remain without success, repetitive
bronchoscopy can be performed to achieve sufficient drainage of abundant bronchial
secretions. In order to assess effectiveness and safety of this procedure, we analysed
retrospectively 111 bronchoscopies under spontaneous ventilation in39 patients. Ninety
eight bronchoscopies in 31 patients with postoperative retention of respiratory tract
secretion were performed with the therapeutic intention of secretion removal. In 26
patients reintubation for respiratory failure could be avoided. We consider bronchoscopy
under spontaneous breathing a safe and efficient procedure to avoid reintubation due
to bronchial secretion retention. This technique is easy to learn and should be widely
used in the setting of the ICU.
Schlüsselwörter
Bronchoskopie - Sekretretension - perioperative Komplikationen
Key words
Bronchoscopy - pulmonary secretion retention - perioperative Complications
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Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Peter M. Schlag
Klinik für Chirurgie und chirurgische Onkologie, Helios-Klinikum Berlin, Robert-Rössle-Klinik,
Charité Campus Buch, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin
Lindenberger Weg 80
13125 Berlin
Phone: 030/ 9417-1400
Fax: 030/ 9417-1404
Email: schlag@rrk-berlin.de