Zusammenfassung
Seit den 90er Jahren liegen in den USA Erfahrungen mit Instrumenten und Verfahren
der externen Qualitätssicherung von Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) vor. Die hierbei führende Organisation ist das National Committee for Quality Assurance
(NCQA), eine private, nicht erwerbswirtschaftliche Organisation, deren erklärtes Ziel
es ist, mittels der Bewertung von MCOs und ihrer Versorgungsqualität und der Berichterstattung über die Ergebnisse eine
Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität zu erreichen. Die beiden komplementären Vorgehensweisen
sind hierbei die Zertifizierung von MCOs sowie die Abbildung der Versorgungsqualität anhand eines standardisierten Katalogs
von Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisindikatoren (HEDIS). Die Anwendung dieser Information
durch die verschiedenen Nutzergruppen und sich abzeichnende Auswirkungen der externen
Qualitätssicherungsverfahren werden dargestellt. Wenn in Deutschland zukünftig eine
stärkere Differenzierung der Krankenkassen untereinander stattfinden wird, z. B. durch
selektive Vertragsabschlüsse oder eine zunehmende Etablierung umschriebener Netze
von Leistungserbringern, in denen Elemente von Managed-Care angewandt werden, sollte diese Entwicklung - ergänzend zu dem organisationsinternen
Qualitätsmanagement - begleitet werden von Maßnahmen zur externen Sicherung der Versorgungsqualität
und einer höheren Transparenz des Versorgungsgeschehens. Diese sollten sowohl die
Auswirkungen der Managed Care-Instrumente auf die Versorgungsqualität erkennen lassen als auch den Versicherten
eine informierte Wahl der Krankenkassen bzw. Versorgungsnetze ermöglichen. Hierbei
kann die Evaluation der beschriebenen Verfahren und Instrumente sowie der bei ihrer
Anwendung gewonnenen Erfahrungen sehr hilfreich sein.
Abstract
Experience with external quality assurance of managed care organizations has been
gained in the United States since the 1990's. The leading organization in this respect
is the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) a private, not-for-profit organization
with the aim of improving the quality of health care by assessing and reporting on
the quality of managed care organizations. The NCQA’s two complementary strategies
are the accreditation of managed care organizations and performance measurement using
a standardized set of measures of structure, process and outcomes of care (HEDIS).
Use of this information by the various user groups and effects of the external quality
assurance activities are described. If following the recent years’ changes in legislation
an increased diversification of sickness funds takes place in Germany, e. g., through
selective contracting with distinct groups of providers or health care delivery organizations,
or through a widespread establishment of integrated care networks using managed care
tools, then - complementary to the quality management within these organizations -
measures of external quality assurance and an increased transparency of care should
be implemented. These should allow monitoring the effects of managed care instruments
on the quality of care and facilitate informed choices of sickness funds and provider
networks by consumers. In developing such concepts it can be very helpful to evaluate
the described instruments and the experience with their application.
Schlüsselwörter
Managed Care - Qualitätssicherung - Zertifizierung - Performance Measurement - Versicherteninformation
Key words
Managed care - quality assurance - accreditation - performance measurement - consumer
reports
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1 Dieser Zahl liegen statistische Erwägungen zugrunde.
Dr. med. Sonja Courté-Wienecke M.P.H.
(Johns Hopkins Univ.) GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Medis-Institut
für Medizinische Informatik und Systemforschung
Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 · 85764 Neuherberg
Phone: 089 3187-4128
Fax: 089 3187-3375