Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation in the Management of Common Bile Duct Stones in Patients with Roux-En-Y Reconstruction

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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic transpapillary management of bile duct stones is more difficult in patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis than it is in patients with Billroth II reconstructions because of differences in the postoperative anatomy. Two patients, a 48-year-old man (patient 1) and a 74-year-old man (patient 2), who had both undergone a total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis for gastric carcinoma, were admitted to our hospital for endoscopic treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones. In both cases, a pediatric colonoscope (PCF-230; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the Roux-en-Y limb up to the papilla. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed CBD stones with diameters of less than 10 mm. Neither conventional sphincterotomes nor needle-knives could be safely positioned to perform endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in these patients. We therefore attempted to demonstrate that endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) could be used as an alternative to ES. A balloon dilator (Max-Force Balloon Dilator; Microvasive, Boston Scientific Corporation, Watertown, USA) was passed over the guide wire and into the common bile duct. The balloon was inflated to a diameter of 8 mm and a pressure of 3 atmospheres for 1 minute (Figure [1]). After EPBD, the stones were successfully extracted in both cases using a conventional basket catheter in a single procedure (Figure [2]). There were no major complications. Although several techniques are available for performing ES in patients who have previously undergone Roux-en-Y anastomosis [1] [2] [3], it is not easy to maneuver the sphincterotome through a forward-viewing endoscope that has a long working length, such as the pediatric colonoscope. Compared with ES, the technical advantage of EPBD is the ease with which the opening of the bile duct can be enlarged without the need for fine control of the sphincterotome and endoscope. For this reason, EPBD has already been applied in endoscopic explorations for bile duct stones in patients who have had a Billroth II gastrectomy [4] [5]. In conclusion, EPBD appears to be particularly useful for managing bile duct stones in patients who have had a Roux-en-Y reconstruction.

Figure 1 Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in a 48-year-old man (patient 1) who had undergone a total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis. The cholangiogram shows the inflated balloon dilator (arrow) and the inset shows the endoscopic view.

Figure 2 Fluoroscopic view of stone extraction using a conventional basket catheter after endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in patient 1. The arrow points to the common bile duct stones caught in the basket catheter.

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