Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Erfrischungsgetränke sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland zunehmend beliebt.
In den USA stieg der Verzehr von Erfrischungsgetränken parallel zu den steigenden
Übergewichtsraten. Daher sollte anhand einer Literaturrecherche geklärt werden, ob
der Verzehr von Erfrischungsgetränken die Entstehung von Übergewicht im Kindesalter
beeinflusst und welche Wirkungsmechanismen dafür verantwortlich sein könnten. Material und Methodik Die Suche nach relevanten Studien zum Zusammenhang zwischen dem Verzehr von Erfrischungsgetränken
und dem Körpergewicht bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, die bis Anfang 2007 erschienen
sind, wurde in PubMed durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 23 Studien zu diesem Thema gefunden,
davon 12 Querschnittsstudien, 9 Kohortenstudien und 2 Interventionsstudien. Insgesamt
stammen 17 dieser Studien aus den USA. Ergebnisse Insgesamt weisen die Studien auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Verzehr von Erfrischungsgetränken
und dem Körpergewicht hin, wofür in erster Linie die unzureichende Energiekompensation
durch eine zu geringe Einschränkung der Aufnahme fester Nahrung verantwortlich gemacht
wird. Aufgrund von Unterschieden in den Verzehrsmengen und in den Inhaltsstoffen der
Erfrischungsgetränke sind die Ergebnisse der US-amerikanischen Studien nicht uneingeschränkt
auf Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland übertragbar. Ergebnisse der DONALD-Studie
aus Deutschland weisen darauf hin, dass möglicherweise nicht allein die Erfrischungsgetränke,
sondern der Verzehr von Erfrischungsgetränken und Säften insgesamt das Körpergewicht
beeinflussen könnte. Schlussfolgerung Die Einschränkung des Verzehrs zuckerhaltiger Getränke insgesamt könnte als ein Teil
einer Präventionsstrategie gegen die steigenden Übergewichtsraten eingesetzt werden.
Auch Kinder und Jugendliche in Deutschland könnten von dieser Prävention profitieren.
Abstract
Purpose Softdrinks are increasingly popular in German children and adolescents. In the United
States, consumption of softdrinks increased concomitantly with the increase of overweight
rates. Therefore, a literature search was used to clarify, whether consumption of
softdrinks influences the appearance of overweight in childhood and which mechanisms
could be responsible. Material and Methods Pubmed was used for research of relevant studies on the relationship between softdrink
consumption and bodyweight of children and adolescents, which were published until
beginning of 2007. Overall, 23 studies on this topic were found, of these 12 were
cross-sectional studies, 9 cohort studies, and 2 intervention studies. 17 studies
were from the USA. Results Altogether, results of these studies point to an association between softdrink consumption
and bodyweight, which is primarily assumed being based on inadequate energy compensation
by reducing the intake of solid foods. Due to differences in consumption and ingredients
of softdrinks, the results of US-American studies cannot fully be related to German
children and adolescents. The results of the DONALD study from Germany suggest that
not only softdrinks, but the overall consumption of softdrinks and juices may have
an impact bodyweight. Conclusion Limiting the consumption of sugar-containing beverages in general could be part of
a prevention strategy to face the increasing rates of overweight in children and adolescents.
Children and adolescents in Germany could also benefit from this prevention.
Schlüsselwörter
Erfrischungsgetränke - Körpergewicht - Kinder - Jugendliche - Wirkungsmechanismus
Key words
softdrinks - bodyweight - children - adolescents - mechanism
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Lars Libuda
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