DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Ausgabe 08 ·
           Volume 36 ·
           Juli 2019
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-009-43358 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        733
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Philips, Jennifer; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gurganus, Margot; 
              
            
          
            
              
              DeShields, Sarah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cunningham, Tina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sinkovskaya, Elena; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kanaan, Camille; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Porche, Lea; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Abuhamad, Alfred: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        781
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Connolly, Katherine A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vieira, Luciana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yoselevsky, Elizabeth M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pan, Stephanie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stone, Joanne L.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        785
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Patel, Soha S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Koelper, Nathanael C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Srinivas, Sindhu K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sammel, Mary D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Levine, Lisa D.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        790
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              de los Reyes, Samantha X.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sheffield, Jeanne S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Eke, Ahizechukwu C.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        798
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Chen, Han-Yang; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chauhan, Suneet P.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        806
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Chan, Stephanie E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pudwell, Jessica; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Smith, Graeme N.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        812
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Panzer, Alexis; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dotters-Katz, Sarah; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Smid, Marcela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Boggess, Kim; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Manuck, Tracy: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        818
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mendez-Figueroa, Hector; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chauhan, Suneet P.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Barrett, Tyisha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Truong, Van Thi Thanh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pedroza, Claudia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Blackwell, Sean C.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        828
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Goodier, Christopher; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Newman, Roger; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hebbar, Latha; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ross, Julie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schandl, Cynthia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Goetzl, Laura: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        835
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Tangel, Virginia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              White, Robert S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Nachamie, Anna S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pick, Jeremy S.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        849
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Singh, Neetu; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McNally, Matthew J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Darnall, Robert A.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        855
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mulcahy, Cecilia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mone, Fionnuala; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McParland, Peter; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Breathnach, Fionnuala; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cody, Fiona; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Morrison, John J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Higgins, John; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Daly, Sean; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dornan, Samina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cotter, Amanda; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dicker, Patrick; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tully, Elizabeth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Malone, Fergal D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McAuliffe, Fionnuala M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        864
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Marić, Ivana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mayo, Jonathan A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Druzin, Maurice L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wong, Ronald J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Winn, Virginia D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Stevenson, David K.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Shaw, Gary M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        872
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Becker, David A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Machemehl, Hannah C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Biggio, Joseph R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Siegel, Anne M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tita, Alan T.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Harper, Lorie M.: