DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000009
      
      
        American Journal of Perinatology
      
      
        
          
            Issue 13 ·
           Volume 36 ·
           November 2019
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-009-44736 
          
          
          
  
    
      
    
  
  
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
      
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            SMFM Fellowship Series Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1317
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Battarbee, Ashley N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ellis, Joshua S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Manuck, Tracy A.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1325
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kawakita, Tetsuya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Umans, Jason G.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1332
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Coviello, Elizabeth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Iqbal, Sara; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kawakita, Tetsuya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chornock, Rebecca; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Cheney, Megan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Desale, Sameer; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fries, Melissa: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Article
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1337
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Rao, Rakesh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Trivedi, Shamik; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Distler, Amy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Liao, Steve; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Vesoulis, Zachary; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Smyser, Christopher; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mathur, Amit M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1344
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Goffman, Dena; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ananth, Cande V.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fleischer, Adiel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              D'Alton, Mary; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lavery, Jessica A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Smiley, Richard; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zielinski, Kristin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chazotte, Cynthia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                  
                
                
                  for the Safe Motherhood Initiative Obstetric Hemorrhage Work Group: 
                
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1351
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Dixon, C. Luke; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Monsivais, Luis; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Chamseddine, Petra; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Olson, Gayle; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pacheco, Luis D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Saade, George R.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Costantine, Maged M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1357
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Abdelmawla, Mohamed; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Louis, Deepak; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Narvey, Michael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Elsayed, Yasser: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1362
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Łoniewska, Beata; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tousty, Joanna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Michalczyk, Barbara; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kordek, Agnieszka; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Jankowska, Agata: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1368
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Zeballos Sarrato, Gonzalo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sánchez Luna, Manuel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zeballos Sarrato, Susana; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pérez Pérez, Alba; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pescador Chamorro, Isabel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bellón Cano, Jose María: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1377
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Plooij-Lusthusz, Anneloes M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              van Vreeswijk, Nick; 
              
            
          
            
              
              van Stuijvenberg, Margriet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bos, Arend F.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kooi, Elisabeth M. W.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1382
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Kasirer, Yair; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bin-Nun, Alona; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Raveh, Ateret; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schorrs, Irina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mimouni, Francis B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hammerman, Cathy: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1387
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mone, Fionnuala; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mulcahy, Cecilia; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McParland, Peter; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Downey, Paul; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Culliton, Marie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Maguire, Orla C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mooney, Eoghan E.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Clarke, Philip; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fitzgerald, David; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tully, Elizabeth; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Malone, Fergal D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              McAuliffe, Fionnuala M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1394
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mitchell, Courtney J.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tita, Alan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Anderson, Sarah B.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pasko, Daniel N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Harper, Lorie M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1401
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Bin-Nun, Alona; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kasirer, Yair; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mimouni, Francis; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schorrs, Irina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fink, Daniel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hammerman, Cathy: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1405
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Battarbee, Ashley N.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Yee, Lynn M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1412
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Al-Wassia, Heidi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lyon, Andrew W.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rose, Sarah M.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sauve, Reginald S.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fenton, Tanis R.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Commentary
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        1420
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Chabra, Shilpi; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sawyer, Taylor; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Strand, Marya: