DOI:
        10.1055/s-00000085
      
      
        The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon
      
      
        
          
            Issue 07 ·
           Volume 68 ·
           October 2020
            
          
           DOI: 10.1055/s-010-49615 
          
          
          
        
        
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
      
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
          
            
              
              
              
                
                  
                    
                    
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Erratum
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        e1
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Petrella, Francesco; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Frassoni, Samuele; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bagnardi, Vincenzo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Casiraghi, Monica; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brambilla, Daniela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Diotti, Cristina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Spaggiari, Lorenzo: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Editorial
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        549
      
    
  
  
  
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Cardiovascular
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        550
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Amorim, Paulo A.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Diab, Mahmoud; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Walther, Mario; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Färber, Gloria; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Hagendorff, Andreas; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bonow, Robert O.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Doenst, Torsten: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        557
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Hartrumpf, Martin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kuehnel, Ralf-Uwe; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schroeter, Filip; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Haase, Robert; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Laux, Magdalena L.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ostovar, Roya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Albes, Johannes M.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
        
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        567
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Tkebuchava, Sophie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Tasar, Raphael; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lehmann, Thomas; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Faerber, Gloria; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Diab, Mahmoud; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Breuer, Martin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Franke, Ulrich; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kirov, Hristo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gummert, Jan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lichtenberg, Artur; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wahlers, Thorsten; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Doenst, Torsten: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        575
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Dudenhöffer, Daniel W.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Laschke, Matthias W.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Giebels, Christian; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Karliova, Irem; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schneider, Ulrich; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Menger, Michael D.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schäfers, Hans-Joachim: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        584
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Gotzmann, Max; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wilbring, Manuel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Charitos, Efstratios; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Treede, Hendrik; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Silaschi, Miriam: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        595
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Schlömicher, Markus; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bechtel, Matthias; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Taghiyev, Zulfugar; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Naraghi, Hamid; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Haldenwang, Peter Lukas; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Moustafine, Vadim; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Strauch, Justus T.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        602
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Mashhour, Ahmed; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Zhigalov, Konstantin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mkalaluh, Sabreen; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Szczechowicz, Marcin; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Easo, Jerry; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Eichstaedt, Harald C.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Weymann, Alexander: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        608
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Eghbalzadeh, Kaveh; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rahmanian, Parwis Baradaran; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Giese, Daniel; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kuhn, Elmar W.; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Djordjevic, Ilija; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Kaya, Süreyya; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Weber, Carolyn; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Baldus, Stephan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Mader, Navid; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Wahlers, Thorsten C.W.: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        616
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Voss, Stephanie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Deutsch, Marcus-André; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schechtl, Johanna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Erlebach, Magdalena; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sideris, Konstantinos; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lange, Rüdiger; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bleiziffer, Sabine: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        623
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Useini, Dritan; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Haldenwang, Peter; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Schlömicher, Markus; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Christ, Hildegard; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Naraghi, Hamid; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Moustafine, Vadim; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Strauch, Justus: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                            
                            Original Thoracic
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        633
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Smelt, Jeremy; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Martin, Fionna; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Al-Sahaf, May; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Simon, Natalie; 
              
            
          
            
              
              King, Juliet; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Veres, Lukacs; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bille, Andrea; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Pilling, John; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Routledge, Tom; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Harrison-Phipps, Karen: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        639
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Schreiner, Waldemar; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Dudek, Wojciech; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Rieker, Ralf Joachim; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Lettmaier, Sebastian; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Fietkau, Rainer; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Sirbu, Horia: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        646
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Petrella, Francesco; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Frassoni, Samuele; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Bagnardi, Vincenzo; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Casiraghi, Monica; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Brambilla, Daniela; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Diotti, Cristina; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Spaggiari, Lorenzo: 
              
            
          
      
    
    
    
    
      
      
        
      
      
        
        
        
      
    
    
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
      
    
   
                      
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                            
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
                          
  
  
    
      
        652
      
    
  
  
  
    
    
    
      
    
    
      
        
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
            
              
            
          
          
          
            
              
              Liu, Zixu; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Du, Minjun; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Li, Xingkai; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Ju, Shaolong; 
              
            
          
            
              
              Gao, Yushun: