Synlett
DOI: 10.1055/a-2577-7703
letter

Selective Catalytic Aerobic Photooxidation of Thioethers to Sulfoxides

a   Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
b   Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
,
Xiao-Long Li
a   Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
,
Qiu-Shan Huang
a   Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
,
Jin-Bu Xu
a   Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
,
Xiaohuan Li
a   Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
,
Feng Gao
a   Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
b   Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North 1st Section, 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P. R. of China
› Author Affiliations

This research was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22277101) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2682024KJ015 and 2682023ZTPY078).


Abstract

A convenient visible-light-promoted oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides is developed utilizing eosin Y as the photocatalyst and molecular oxygen from air as the oxidant. This photochemical protocol features good functional group tolerance and excellent chemoselectivity. Under the developed mild conditions, a wide variety of sulfides are converted into the corresponding sulfoxides in excellent yields (up to 93%). Moreover, this protocol can easily be amplified to gram scale, showing good practical value.

Supporting Information



Publication History

Received: 23 February 2025

Accepted after revision: 08 April 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
08 April 2025

Article published online:
22 May 2025

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  • 39 Phenyl benzenesulfinothioate (4a) Yield: 49 mg (46%); white solid. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.59–7.55 (m, 3 H), 7.48–7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.43–7.41 (m, 2 H), 7.36–7.32 (m, 4 H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 143.1, 136.7 (2 C), 133.8, 131.5, 129.6 (2 C), 128.9 (2 C), 128.0, 127.7 (2 C). HRESIMS: m/z [M + H]+ calcd for C12H11OS2: 235.0251; found: 235.0564.
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  • 41 Gram-Scale Synthesis of Benzylmethylsulfoxide (2am) Benzyl methyl sulfide (1am) (1.10 g, 8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and eosin Y (207.3 mg, 0.324 mmol, 4 mol%) were added to a 50 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a stir bar. MeCN/H2O (30 mL, 10:1 v/v) was then added to dissolve solids. The reaction mixture was stirred under 4.8 W blue LEDs at room temperature for 6 h under an air atmosphere. The distance from the light source to the flask was about 5 cm. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with water (200 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 150 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was further purified by column chromatography using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as the eluent (20:1 v/v) to afford product 2am (1.10 g, 89% yield). 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.55 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.47–7.42 (m, 3 H), 2.88–2.82 (m, 1 H), 2.74–2.68 (m, 1 H), 1.13 (t, J = 1.2 Hz, 3 H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 143.3, 130.9, 129.1 (2 C), 124.1 (2 C), 50.3, 5.9. HRESIMS: m/z [M + H]+ calcd for C8H11OS: 155.0531; found: 155.0521.
  • 42 Modafinil (6) To a tube equipped with a stir bar were added diphenylmethylthioacetamide (5) (0.39 mmol, 1.0 equiv), eosin Y (4 mol%), and MeOH/H2O (2 mL/0.2 mL). The mouth of the reaction tube was open to air and the reaction mixture was stirred under irradiation with a blue LED (4.8 W) at room temperature (25 °C). After 4 h, the crude mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by rapid chromatography on silica gel to give modafinil (6) (91 mg, 86% yield) as a white solid. 1H NMR (600 MHz, methanol-d 4): δ = 7.90 (s, 1 H), 7.57–7.54 (m, 5 H), 7.44–7.41 (m, 5 H), 7.39–7.37 (m, 1 H), 5.35 (s, 1 H), 3.50–3.40 (m, 2 H). 13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d 6): δ = 166.3, 137.2, 134.9, 129.7, 129.0, 128.5, 128.0, 127.9, 68.8, 56.1. HRESIMS­: m/z [M + H]+ calcd for C15H16NO2S: 274.0902; found: 274.0900.
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