Gesundheitswesen 2015; 77(03): 148-160
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370951
Übersichtsarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Sedentäres Verhalten und Gesundheit – Eine selektive Literaturübersicht

Sedentary Behaviour and Health
E. Füzéki
1   Abteilung Sportmedizin, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
,
L. Vogt
1   Abteilung Sportmedizin, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
,
W. Banzer
1   Abteilung Sportmedizin, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
02 April 2014 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund:

Lange galt das Augenmerk bewegungsbezogener Gesundheitsforschung primär sportlichen, intensiven körperlichen Aktivitäten, bzw. dem Fehlen dieser Aktivitäten. Jüngst rückte die Untersuchung möglicher gesundheitlicher Effekte sedentären Verhaltens (SV) (sitzend verbrachte Zeit) zunehmend in den Fokus der Forschung.

Methoden:

Anhand einer selektiven Literatur­recherche in den Datenbanken Pubmed und Sedentary Research wurden Übersichtsarbeiten zu den gesundheitsbezogenen Effekten SV identifiziert. Zielparameter waren SV, gesundheitliche Risikofaktoren, Morbidität, Mortalität bei Erwachsenen.

Ergebnisse:

Die gesichteten Arbeiten legen einen Zusammenhang zwischen SV und Gesamt- sowie kardiovaskulärer Mortalität, nicht aber tumorbedingter Mortalität nahe. SV scheint im Zusammenhang mit Diabetes mellitus und Übergewicht/Gewichtszunahme zu stehen. Die Datenlage zu einem möglichen Zusammenhang mit anderen Erkrankungen, z. B. kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Hypertonie, Karzinome, mentalen Erkrankungen ist u. a. aufgrund der Heterogenität und methodischer Limitationen der Einzelarbeiten unklar. Interven­tionsstudien zu relevanten kardiometabolischen Risikofaktoren liefern inkonsistente Ergebnisse.

Schlussfolgerung:

Es liegen Hinweise für eine graduelle Abnahme der Evidenzstärke für die Zusammenhänge von SV mit Mortalität, Morbidität und gesundheitlichen Risikofaktoren vor. Ein größerer Umfang von Fernseh- und Medienkonsum, nicht aber SV insgesamt, scheint mit einem erhöhten Gesamt- und kardiovaskulären Sterblichkeitsrisiko, jedoch nicht mit tumorbedingtem Mortalitätsrisiko vergesellschaftet. Weitere Interventionsstudien sind notwendig, um Dosis-Wirkung-Zusammenhänge zu etablieren, mögliche Potenziale kardiorespiratorischer Fitness bzw. körperlicher Aktivität vor den negativen Effekten SV zu erforschen.

Abstract

Background:

Exercise-related public health recommendations and research for increased fitness and health had long focused on vigorous exercise or the lack thereof. Recently scientific interest in possible effects of sedentary behaviour (SB) (sitting) independent of moderate-vigorous intensity exercise has been growing.

Methods:

We conducted a selective literature search in Pubmed and the Sedentary Research Database with the outcomes SB, risk factors, mortality and morbidity in adults. We included only reviews and systematic reviews.

Results:

Observational studies suggest an association between SB and all-cause and cardiovascular, but not cancer mortality. SB also seems to be associated with diabetes and overweight/weight gain. Evidence for other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancer, and mental diseases is limited also because of the heterogeneity and poor methodology of the ­studies. Intervention studies found inconsistent evidence that SB is associated with detrimental effects on markers of cardiometabolic risk.

Conclusions:

The evidence on the detrimental effects of sedentary behaviour is decreasingly convincing with the endpoints of mortality, ­morbidity, and markers of metabolic risk, in that order. Higher TV and screen time, but not total SB seems to be associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular, but not cancer mortality. Further intervention studies are needed to establish ­dose-response relationships and potentially protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity.

 
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