Efficient Synthesis of Benzoselenazoles and Benzothiazoles by an Ullmann Coupling of Dihalobenzenes with Acyl Iso(seleno/thio) cyanate–Malononitrile Adducts

Abstract

We describe a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of various benzoselenazoles and benzothiazoles by the Ullman coupling reaction of dihalobenzenes with acyl iso(seleno/thio)cyanate–malononitrile adducts in the presence of a copper catalyst with K₂CO₃ as a base at room temperature, without the help of additional ligands. Notable features of this protocol include the use of mild copper-catalyzed reaction conditions, simple and readily available raw materials, easy purification with the help of a solvent, and the synthesis of 17 new benzoselenazole and benzothiazole compounds.

Key words

Ullmann coupling - benzoselenazoles - benzothiazoles - acyl isoselenocyanates - acyl isothiocyanates - malononitrile

Publication History

Received: 15 September 2024

Accepted after revision: 17 October 2024

Article published online:
06 November 2024

• References and Notes

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• 49 (3-Benzoyl-1,3-benzoselenazol-2(3H)-ylidene)malononitrile (7a); Typical Procedure A mixture of KSeCN (2; 1.5 mmol), and BzCl (1a; 1.5 mmol) in acetone (1 mL) was stirred for 10 min. The resulting acyl isoselenocyanate 5a, malononitrile (3; 1.0 mmol), and NaH (1.0 mmol) were dissolved in THF (3 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. A mixture of ortho-diiodobenzene (4a, 1.5 mmol), CuI (0.1 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (2.0 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was slowly added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 4 h at r.t. until the reaction was complete [TLC (EtOAc–hexane, 1:6)]. The mixture was then diluted with CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and aq NH₄Cl (3 mL), and stirred for 10 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic fractions were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was washed with 3:1 hexane–EtOAc to remove impurities, giving a white powder; yield: 0.30 g (85%); mp 125–127 °C. IR (KBr): 2251, 2232, 1689, 1549, 1312, 965 cm^–1. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.07 (t, ³ J = 7.8 Hz, 1 H, Ar), 7.18 (d, ³ J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, Ar), 7.21 (t, ³ J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, Ar), 7.30 (t, ³ J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, Ar), 7.62 (t, ³ J= 7.8 Hz, Ar, 2 H), 7.73 (d, ³ J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H, Ar), 8.05 (d, ³ J = 7.8 Hz, 2 H, Ar). ¹³C NMR (125.7 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 70.2 (C), 115.7 (CN), 117.2 (CN), 125.1 (CH), 126.1 (CH), 127.4 (2 CH), 127.8 (CH), 128.0 (CH), 128.9 (2 CH), 129.9 (CH), 133.9 (C), 135.7 (C), 142.3 (C), 167.3 (C=O), 180.2 (C). MS (EI-MS): m/z (%) = 350 (11) [M⁺; C₁₇H₉N₃OSe], 286 (21) [C₁₄H₉NOSe], 273 (100) [C₁₁H₄N₃OSe], 245 (52) [C₁₀H₄N₃Se], 105 (23) [C₇H₅O], 77 (64) [C₃N₂]. Anal. Calcd for C₁₇H₉N₃OSe (350.23): C, 58.30; H, 2.59; N, 12.00. Found: C, 58.32; H, 2.54; N, 12.04.