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DOI: 10.1055/a-2495-3296
Inverse Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Reaction of Pyrazines with 2,5-Norbornadiene as Acetylene Precursor
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 23-73-10050, synthesis of compounds 1g–k, 3g–k, and 4g–j) and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the state assignment (State Reg. No. 124020200072-0, synthesis of compounds 3a–d, 5, 6, 7, 1l–r, 3l,o,p).
Abstract
The reaction of pyrazines with 2,5-norbornadiene, an acetylene precursor, as a cascade of Diels–Alder reactions is reported yielding substituted pyridines. In contrast to the known examples of intermolecular Diels–Alder type reaction of pyrazines with acetylene, which usually leads to a mixture of products, in our case the formation of a single isomer was observed. The proposed approach allows the conversion of pyrazines with different types of substitution, except those containing methyl and amino donor groups, to pyridines. In addition, highly functionalized aminonicotic esters were obtained, which can be used for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. An unusual course of the Diels–Alder reaction was found in the case of tetrasubstituted pyrazines, which cleave organic nitriles instead of HCN. Quantum-chemical modeling of possible transition states showed that this Diels–Alder reaction proceeds via cycloaddition of 2,5-norbornadiene to pyrazine with sequential elimination of HCN and cyclopentadiene; the reaction pathway including initial formation of acetylene from norbornadiene and subsequent Diels–Alder reaction with the acetylene was rejected as kinetically unfavorable.
Supporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2495-3296.
- Supporting Information
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Publication History
Received: 23 September 2024
Accepted after revision: 03 December 2024
Accepted Manuscript online:
03 December 2024
Article published online:
14 January 2025
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