Synthesis 2025; 57(21): 3205-3210
DOI: 10.1055/a-2626-6825
Paper

Halide-Substituted Grubbs–Hoveyda Catalysts for Aqueous Ring-Closing Metathesis

Authors

  • Jun Okuda

    Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN9165)
  • Aaron Ingram

    Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN9165)
  • Dong Wang

    Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (Ringgold ID: RIN9165)

Gefördert durch: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Funding Information We acknowledge the Bioökonomie REVIER_INNO PlastiQuant (FKZ:031B0918E) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for financial support.


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Dedication

This paper is dedicated to Professor Paul Knochel on the occasion of his 70th birthday.

Abstract

The effect of halide substitution in ionic-substituted second-generation Grubbs–Hoveyda catalysts (GHII catalysts, AquaMet®) on the ring-closing metathesis activity toward N,N-diallyltosylamide in aqueous media was studied by varying the reaction conditions of biological relevance (pH, buffer, salt additives). The activity, as determined by GC–MS analysis, followed the order: bromide > chloride > iodide. The robustness of these complexes, as judged by time-resolved UV–vis absorptions, followed the reverse order: iodide > chloride > bromide. Diiodide-substituted GHII catalysts performed better than the dichloride and dibromide in the ring-closing metathesis of (N-alkenyl)(N-allyl)tosylamides in aqueous buffer solutions. Catalyst decomposition by hydrolysis appears to be suppressed for the diiodo GHII catalyst in aqueous buffer solutions.

Supplementary Material



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 06. Mai 2025

Angenommen nach Revision: 03. Juni 2025

Accepted Manuscript online:
03. Juni 2025

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. Juli 2025

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