Entwicklungsmodell der Adipositas im Kindesalter

Zusammenfassung

Es gibt mittlerweile Hinweise darauf, dass sich die Ursachen von Übergewicht und Adipositas bereits pränatal und in der frühen Kindheit manifestieren. Dabei wurden einige kritische Altersstufen von besonders hoher Vulnerabilität für die Entwicklung von Übergewicht und Adipositas identifiziert. Hierzu zählen mütterliches Übergewicht, mütterliches Rauchen während der Schwangerschaft, zu hohes oder niedriges Geburtsgewicht des Kindes, schnelles Wachstum während der ersten beiden Lebensjahre und früher Adipositas rebound. Diese Arbeit fokussiert auf einer systematischen Darstellung der bisher identifizierten Risikofaktoren im Hinblick auf ihre differenzielle Wirkung auf die jeweilige Altersstufe des Kindes in Form eines Entwicklungsmodells. Verdeutlicht werden soll, ob und wie Risikofaktoren altersgruppenspezifisch und in gegenseitiger Wechselwirkung das Übergewichtsrisiko beeinflussen können.

Abstract

Periods of heightened vulnerability to weight gain have been identified, and research supports the notion that obesity has its origins in early life. Maternal overweight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, high or low birth weight, rapid growth in early infancy, and early adiposity rebound all have been implicated in the development of obesity. This paper focuses on susceptibility to increased overweight and adiposity during the prenatal period, infancy and mid-childhood, and on how factors operating in each of these periods by their timing and duration, and also whether other co-factors are present. The persistence of obesity from early childhood emphasizes the importance of understanding growth trajectories, and a developmental view on early risk factors of adiposity. A systematic review of early risk factors may help developing prevention strategies to overcome strong influences of obesigenic environments at young age.

Schlüsselwörter

Entwicklungsmodell - Übergewicht - Adipositas - Risikofaktoren - Kindesalter

Key words

developmental model - overweight - obesity - risk factors - childhood

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