Frailty: Ein geriatrisches Syndrom im Fokus der Ernährungsmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Frailty – Gebrechlichkeit – umschreibt als Konzept die erhöhte Vulnerabilität des alte(rnde)n Organismus für viele endogene und exogene Störungsmechanismen. Bis vor Kurzem war es einfacher, Frailty am Krankenbett zu „sehen” als dieses geriatrische Syndrom pathogenetisch zu fassen. Dies hat sich in letzter Zeit geändert, indem immer mehr Hinweise für einen chronischen (sub)klinischen Entzündungszustand gefunden werden konnten. Dazu passt auch die enge klinische und pathophysiologische Verzahnung mit dem Problem der Sarkopenie, die ebenfalls mit einer allgemeinen Gebrechlichkeit einhergeht. Der Artikel soll pathophysiologische Ursachen in einen klinischen Kontext stellen und damit das Bewusstsein dieses für die Geriatrie so wichtigen Syndroms aufzeigen. Dies ist deshalb wichtig, als die Sarkopenie mittels regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität und einer proteinreichen Ernährung präventiv und therapeutisch erfolgreich angegangen werden kann.

Abstract

Frailty describes as concept the increased vulnerability of the aging organism to many external and internal stressors. It was not until recently that this syndrome was easier to diagnose at the bedside than from a pathophysiological point of view. This has dramatically changed recently, as more and more signs point to a chronic (sub)clinical imflammatory process. It is in this line where a pallelism can be seen to the problem of sarcopenia, which also comes along with an increased vulnerability. This article aims to highlight pathophysiological factors also in a clinical perspective of this so important syndrome for geriatrics. This is also necessary, as sarcopenia can be delayed or cured by regular physical exercise and a protein-rich diet.

Schlüsselwörter

Gebrechlichkeit - Sarkopenie - Protein-Mangelernährung - Entzündung - Geriatrie

Key words

frailty - sarcopenia - protein malnutrition - inflammation - geriatrics

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