Mangelernährung: Welches ist das geeignete Screeninginstrument?

Zusammenfassung

Die Protein-Energie-Mangelernährung von Patienten stellt auch in den industrialisierten Ländern ein zunehmend relevantes Problem dar. Sowohl bei ca. 20–60 % der hospitalisierten als auch der ambulanten medizinischen oder chirurgischen Patienten wird eine Mangelernährung beobachtet. Diese hat beträchtliche Folgen auf verschiedensten Ebenen. Sie beeinträchtigt unter anderem die Lebensqualität, das Immunsystem, schwächt die Muskulatur und verschlechtert die Prognose von Patienten. Interventionen zur Erkennung und Behandlung der Mangelernährung sind wirksam und kostensparend. Aus diesem Grunde sind im Alltag einfache standardisierte Screeningtests für die Erfassung der Risikopatienten sehr nützlich. Die systematische Identifikation von Patienten mit potenzieller oder manifester Mangelernährung ist aus diesen Überlegungen fundamental, um eine adäquate Ernährungstherapie so schnell als möglich aufzunehmen. Das Screening sollte vom betreuenden medizinischen Team durchgeführt werden, damit dessen Mitglieder die ernährungsbezogenen Probleme interdisziplinär und interprofessionell erkennen und lösen können. Die Personenbezeichnungen gelten sinngemäß für beide Geschlechter.

Abstract

Protein-energy-malnutrition of patients represents a relevant and increasing problem also in the industrialised countries. Many studies have shown a prevalence of malnutrition between 20 and 60 % in hospitalized medical or surgical patients but also in out-patients. Malnutrition causes many consequences at various levels and negatively influences quality of life, immune system, muscle strength and worsens the prognosis of the patient. As malnutrition is a largely treatable co-morbidity, rapid and simple identification and effective management of this condition are essential and cost-saving. For this reason, using a simple and standardised screening tool for the identification of patients at nutritional risk in the daily practice is very important. If the risk of malnutrition is recognised early, many cases could be treated or could even be prevented, with beneficial effects on patient outcome and accompanying reductions in health costs. The medical team in charge should perform the nutritional risk screening to recognize the nutritional problems and to solve them with an interdisciplinary approach.

Schlüsselwörter

Mangelernährung - Screening - Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool - Nutritional Risk Screening – 2002 - Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form

Key words

malnutrition - screening - Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool - Nutritional Risk Screening – 2002 - Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form

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