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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245187
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Idiopathische makuläre Teleangiektasie (IMT) – Verlaufsbeobachtung mit und ohne Laserphotokoagulation
Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia – Follow-Up with and without Laser PhotocoagulationPublikationsverlauf
Eingegangen: 17.9.2009
Angenommen: 2.11.2009
Publikationsdatum:
20. April 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Analysiert wird die Wirksamkeit der Laserphotokoagulation für die idiopathische makuläre Teleangiektasie (IMT) unter Verwendung der überarbeiteten und vereinfachten Klassifikation nach Yannuzzi 2006. Patienten und Methode: Die Yannuzzi-Klassifikation wurde verwendet zur retrospektiven Analyse der Krankheitsverläufe aller Patienten, bei denen in der Universitäts-Augenklinik Mainz konsekutiv im Zeitraum 1.2002 – 12.2006 idiopathische makuläre Teleangiektasien diagnostiziert wurden. Eine Indikation zur Laserphotokoagulation erfolgte grundsätzlich nur in Augen mit einer Ausgangssehschärfe unter 0,5. (Kontrollintervall im Median 37 Monate, minimal 13 Monate). Ergebnisse: Zwölf Patienten mit aneurysmatischen, unilateralen (Typ I) und 30 Patienten mit nichtaneurysmatischen, bilateralen Teleangiektasien (Typ II) wurden in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen. In der Typ-I-Gruppe (Altersmedian 41 Jahre) waren 9 / 12 Patienten männlich. 10 / 12 Patienten hatten ein Makulaödem. Durch fokale Laserphotokoagulation in 6 / 10 Augen konnte das Ödem in 4 / 6 Augen vermindert und ein Visusanstieg in 3 / 6 Augen erreicht werden. In der Typ-II-Gruppe (Altersmedian 56 Jahre) waren 17 / 30 Patienten männlich. Alle 60 Augen wiesen ein Makulaödem auf. 40 Augen, die nicht gelasert wurden, zeigten im Kontrollintervall keine signifikante Befundänderung. In 16 / 20 Augen wurde durch Laserphotokoagulation das Makulaödem reduziert, allerdings ohne signifikante Sehschärfenänderung. In 2 dieser 16 gelaserten Augen entwickelte sich eine subfoveale Neovaskularisation mit zentralem Visusverlust. Schlussfolgerung: Bei IMT Typ I kann durch Laserphotokoagulation eine funktionelle Verbesserung erreicht werden. Bei IMT Typ II sollte dagegen die Laserindikation sehr zurückhaltend gestellt werden, da keine Visusbesserung in den gelaserten Augen erzielt wurde und eine Induktion subretinaler Neovaskularisationen möglich scheint.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of laser photocoagulation for idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT) by using the revised and simplified classification of Yannuzzi 2006. Patients and Methods: The Yannuzzi classification was used for a retrospective analysis of the medical records of all patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia as diagnosed consecutively in the University Eye Clinic of Mainz in the time period from 1 / 02 to 12 / 06. Laser treatment was indicated only in those eyes which presented with a visual acuity below 10 / 20 (follow-up interval in median 37 months, minimum 13 months). Results: 12 patients with unilateral macular telangiectasia (IMT type I) and 30 patients with bilateral macular telangiectasia (IMT type II) were recruited. In type I disease 9 / 12 patients were male with an average age of 41 years (range: 28 to 47). 10 / 12 eyes showed macular oedema. After focal laser photocoagulation in 6 / 10 eyes the macular oedema decreased in 4 / 6 eyes and visual acuity improved in 3 / 6 eyes. In type II disease 17 / 30 patients were male and the average age was 56 years (range: 45 to 63). All 60 eyes showed macular oedema. In 40 eyes, which did not receive a laser photocoagulation, the ocular findings did not change during the follow-up examinations. In 16 / 20 eyes the macular oedema has successfully been reduced by laser photocoagulation, however without significant visual improvement. In 2 of these 16 treated eyes the development of a subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation with central loss of vision was noted. Conclusions: In IMT type I laser photocoagulation was able to achieve a visual improvement. In IMT type II, however, a laser photocoagulation indication should be considered very carefully because in this group no visual improvement was reached and a secondary induction of subretinal neovascular membranes seems likely.
Schlüsselwörter
idiopathische juxtafoveolare retinale Teleangiektasie (IJRT) - idiopathische makuläre Teleangiektasie (IMT) - Makulaödem - Laserphotokoagulation
Key words
idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis (IJRT) - idiopathic macular telangiectasia (IMT) - macular oedema - laser photocoagulation
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